“道德物化”与现代科技伦理治理

Moralizing Technology and Ethical Governance of Science and Technology

在深度科技化时代,科技所带来的伦理挑战日益突出。荷兰学派的道德物化理论或可为科技伦理治理提供建设性思路。道德物化并不是将技术看成中立工具,用其来实现道德目的。道德物化的核心是“关系本体论”,这一理论认为技术与人在知觉和能动性生成层面是互相构成的,人的道德能动性总是受到技术物的调节。这一思路特别重视技术物设计的伦理敏感性,要求科技人员进行“调节分析”,不仅要考虑技术功能的实现和可能的后果,同时要考虑技术被非常规使用的可能,并预见可能的伦理风险。更进一步,在技术全球化布置的今天,“调节分析”要求科技人员对技术的道德敏感性保持高度自觉,尽量避免可能的价值冲突,防范可能出现的价值殖民主义。

In the age of technology,the ethical challenges posed by disruptive technology are becoming more and more prominent.The Dutch school’s theory of moralizing technology may provide some insights into the ethical governance of science and technology.Moralizing technology is not about using technology as a neutral tool to achieve moral purposes.The core of moralizing technology is a“relational ontology”that assumes that technology and human beings are mutually constitutive in perception,and that technological artifact always mediates our moral agency.This line of thought emphasizes the value sensitivity of designing technology,requiring scientists and technicians to conduct a“mediational analysis”that considers not only the practical function of technology but also the unconventional uses of technology and anticipates risks posed by these novel uses.Further,in the globalized world of technology,“mediation analysis”requires scientists to be highly conscious of the value sensitivity of the technology,to try to avoid possible value conflicts,and to guard against possible value colonialism.