我国装备制造业转型升级面临的挑战与财政支持政策

Challenges Faced by the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Equipment Manufacturing Industry and the Fiscal Support Policies

装备制造业在国民经济体系中具有十分重要的战略地位。作为实体经济的重要组成部分,装备制造业为国民经济和社会发展提供“硬件”支持,既是建设现代化经济体系的重要组成部分,也是推动我国经济由高速增长向高质量发展的中坚力量。当前,国际经贸环境不确定性和国内资源环境约束持续增加,深刻影响装备制造业在关键环节和部分细分领域的转型升级进程。我国装备制造业转型升级面临的主要挑战包括技术创新“卡脖子”问题较为突出、产业内部结构失衡与供需结构矛盾并存、装备制造业发展模式绿色化转型迫在眉睫、巩固提升装备制造业全球市场地位十分迫切。据此,从财政政策支持的角度,要注重增加装备制造业转型升级的财政政策支持力度与政策结构优化并重;财政收支政策支持装备制造业转型升级的实践过程中,应避免政府“看得见的手”变成“闲不住的手”,坚持“有效的市场”和“有为的政府”双管齐下;充分考虑装备制造业产权性质、行业特征以及区域差异等异质性因素,统筹财政收支政策作用方向、强度、周期和时滞等影响。

The equipment manufacturing industry has a very important strategic position in the national economic system.As an important part of the real economy,the equipment manufacturing industry provides“hardware”support for the national economy and social development.It is not only an important part of the construction of a modern economic system,but also the backbone of promoting our country’s economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development.At present,the uncertainty of the international economic and trade environment and the constraints on domestic resources and environment continue to strengthen,which profoundly affect the transformation and upgrading process of the equipment manufacturing industry in key links and some subdivided fields.The main challenges faced include the prominent problem of“stranglehold”in technological innovation,the coexistence of industrial internal structural imbalance and the contradiction between supply and demand structure,the imminent urgency of green transformation of the development model of the equipment manufacturing industry,and the urgent need to consolidate and enhance the global market position of the equipment manufacturing industry.Accordingly,from the perspective of financial policy support,it is proposed to pay equal attention to increasing the financial policy support for the transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry and the optimization of the policy structure.In the practice process of the fiscal revenue and expenditure policy supporting the transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry,it is necessary to avoid the“visible hand”of government become“restless hand”,and adhere to the two-pronged approach of“effective market”and“promising government”.At the same time,it is also necessary to fully consider heterogeneous factors such as the nature of property rights,industry characteristics and regional differences in the equipment manufacturing industry,and coordinate the effects of the direction,strength,cycle and time lag of the revenue and expenditure policy.