集体球类项目体能测试科学化探索——基于美国四大职业体育联盟选秀测试的分析

Scientific Exploration on the Fitness Test of Team Sports——Based on the Analysis of Draft Combine Test of the Four Major American Professional Sports Leagues

以美国四大职业体育联盟选秀体能测试为研究对象,对集体球类项目体能测试的科学化和精准化进行探讨。研究表明,美国四大职业体育联盟选秀体能测试具有良好的整体性预测效果,在测试内容、方法、流程及评价标准方面可为相应项目的体能测评提供参考性依据。我国集体球类项目体能测试的设计、优化可从理念与方法视角借鉴职业化联赛测评体系,以专项特征为依据,在充分考虑场上位置差异和年龄差异的基础上围绕核心素质进行多维设计;实施过程中应通过测试内容的标准化安排规避影响测评结果稳定性和准确性的不利因素;同时,应建立长期化体能测评数据库进行追踪性研究,综合助力我国集体球类项目的快速发展。

This study analyzed and discussed the scientific and precision fitness test of team sports through the draft combine test of the four major American professional sports leagues.It was found that the draft combine fitness test have good overall predictive effects,and it can provide references for the physical fitness assessments in terms of test content,methods,processes and evaluation criteria.The design and optimization of team sports fitness test in China can learn from the professional league assessment systems,based on the characteristics of sports,the multi-dimensional test can be designed according to the field position and age differences.In the tests,the factors affecting the stability and accuracy of assessment results should be avoided through the standardized arrangement of test contents.In addition,a long-term physical fitness assessment database should be established,so as to help the rapid development of Chinese team sports.