助力中国航天:微重力环境运动应对理论与实践探索

Facilitating China’s Aerospace:Theory and Practice of Exercise Countermeasures Development Following Microgravity

长征五号遥三运载火箭的成功发射,预示着中国航天正式进入空间站时代,如何尽快建成中国特色的微重力环境运动应对标准或理论体系是一项时代任务和使命。综合运用文献资料分析、历史分析和逻辑归纳等方法,对国内外有关微重力环境运动应对的研究文献进行梳理,对微重力环境运动应对的基本内涵、运动应对方案的设计、抗阻+有氧训练的优化、高强度间歇抗阻及快速伸缩复合训练等基本理论与实践问题展开探讨。研究认为:微重力环境下的运动应对已从早期的抗阻训练,走向了有氧、灵活及本体感觉相结合的一体化训练;运动应对以抗阻+有氧模式为主,且能够实现有条件的优化组合;高强度间歇训练更支持低量高强度间歇模式,但年龄可能会成为条件性障碍,高强度间歇抗阻训练可以作为一种同步发展有氧和肌耐力的适配方式;快速伸缩复合训练在峰值力矩、爆发力等效应指标上得到临床实验的证据支持,但主要集中在下肢,且存在时间线性效应(10~12周达最大效应值)。未来,如何根据年龄、时间、设备等属性变量增加微重力环境下运动应对理论与方法的适配性,擎画中国特色微重力环境运动应对理论创新体系和标准,是助力中国航天强国梦的基本逻辑和责任担当。

The successful launch of CZ-5(3)carrier rocket indicates that China’s aerospace has officially entered the era of space station. How to build a theoretical system or standard to microgravity environment with Chinese characteristics as soon as possible is a task and mission of the times. By using the methods of literature review, historical analysis, logical induction, Electronic databases and documents of exercise countermeasures on microgravity were searched in order to discuss category, countermeasures design,resistance+aerobic training, high intensity interval training(HIIT)and Plyometric training(PT), and so on. Previous work has also demonstrated that scope of exercise countermeasures is from resistance training to an integrated training of aerobic, flexibility and proprioception. Exercise coping measures are mainly based on resistance+aerobic mode, and can achieve conditional optimization combination. Low volume High intensity interval training(HIITlv)may be more supported, but age can be an important control variable, meanwhile, high intensity interval resistance training(HIIRT)can be used as an adaptive way to simulataneously develop aerobic and muscular endurance. The evidence of bed rest experiment supports the rapid retraction compound training on such effect indicators as peak torque and power, but previous work were mainly concentrated the lower limbs, and there is a time linear effect(maximum effect value is reached in 10-12weeks). In future, how to increase the adaptability of theories and methods of exercise countermeasures, according to age, time, equipment and other variables, and how to establish the China’s program and standards of exercise countermeasures following microgravity environment are the basic logic and responsibility to facilitate China’s aerospace.