基于自定义分类标准的河北省地下水饮用水源地水质评价及变化特性研究

Water Quality Assessment and Variation Characteristics of Underground Drinking Water Sources in Hebei Province Based on Self-Defined Classification Criteria

河北省地下水面临着环境质量恶化的严重挑战,地下水水质及其适宜性评价是水源地饮水安全保障和可持续利用的基础。为了有针对性地开展河北省地下水饮用水源地水质评价及其变化特性,选取3期水质监测数据,利用熵加权水质指数法,自定义水质分类标准评价水源地地下水水质及其适用性。结果表明,水源地地下水呈弱碱性,12.4%样品存在一般化学指标超过Ⅲ类水限制,9.9%样品中硝酸盐和氟化物超过限制;自定义的水质分类标准显示91个水样被归类于Ⅲ类水,3个样品的熵加权水质指数值接近100;丰枯变化显示39个样品发生了水质类别变化,37个样品水质类别存在年际间变化;水样中TH、TDS、Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)浓度升高是水源地水质变差的直接原因。研究结果可为提升河北省地下水饮用水源地管理水平和保障饮水安全提供技术支撑。

Groundwater in Hebei Province is facing the serious challenge of environmental quality deterioration.Groundwater quality and its suitability evaluation of drinking water sources are the basis for the safety and sustainable use of water sources.In order to investigate water quality of underground drinking water sources,this paper proposed a water quality classification standard based on groundwater quality standards and assessed water quality and its variation by using the entropy-weight water quality index method and three-phase water quality monitoring data.The results show that the groundwater of water sources area is weakly alkaline,12.4% of all samples have general chemical indicators that exceed the Class Ⅲ water limit,and 9.9% of all samples contain NO_(3)^(-) and F^(-)exceeding the limit.The self-defined water quality classification standard reveals that 91 samples are classified as the Class Ⅲ water,and the EWQI value of 3 samples are close to 100.39 samples have changes from wet season and dry season,and 37 samples have inter-annual changes in water quality categories.The increase of TH,TDS,Na^(+)and SO_(4)^(2-)concentration in water samples are the direct cause of water quality deterioration.The research results can provide technical support for improving the management of groundwater drinking water sources and ensuring drinking water safety in the Hebei Province.