玉米Reid群核心种质单株产量及产量构成因素遗传改良效果

Genetic Improvement Effect of Single Plant Yield and Yield Components of Core Germplasm of Maize Reid Group

丰富的种质资源是选育优良玉米品种的遗传物质基础,引进、改良、创新与扩增,是解决种质资源狭窄的根本途径。以Reid群外引自交系PH6WC为基础材料,经2个轮次的遗传改良,分别育成J1590、J1595和J1020、J1598,再以基础系PH6WC和4个改良系为母本,6个No-Reid群骨干自交系为父本,作5×6不完全双列杂交,进行杂种优势及配合力分析。结果表明:第2轮改良系J1598遗传增益效果最好,其单株产量、穗粗、百粒重与穗长杂种优势值均高于基础系和第1轮改良系J1590、J1595。配合力分析表明,第2轮改良系J1598的一般配合力改良效果更好,以PH6WC为基础的改良系J1590、J1595和J1598在单株产量、穗粗、百粒重和穗长等性状上易组配出较好的杂交种。综合研究结果表明,第1轮改良系J1590、J1595与第2轮改良系J1598,可以作为组配杂交种的优良种质,具有较高的利用潜力。

Abundant germplasm resources are the basis of genetic material for breeding excellent maize varieties.The fundamental way to solve the problem of narrow germplasm resources is to introduce,expand,improve and innovate genetic materials.The inbred line PH6WC of Reid group was used as the basic material,J1590,J1595 and J1020,J1598 were respectively cultivated after two rounds of genetic improvement,and then the basic line and the four improved lines in the two rounds were used as female parent,and the six No-Reid group inbred lines were used as the male parent to make 5×6 incomplete double-column hybridization to analyze the heterosis and combining ability.The results showed that the genetic gain effect of the second round of improved line J1598 was the best.Its single plant yield,ear thickness,100-grain weight and ear length heterosis values were all higher than those of the basic line and the first round of improved lines J1590 and J1595.Combining ability analysis showed that the general combining ability improvement effect of the second round of improved line J1598 was better,and the improved lines J1590,J1595 and J1598 based on PH6WC were easily grouped in traits such as single plant yield,ear thickness,100-grain weight,and ear length to match better hybrids.Comprehensive research results showed that the first round of improved lines J1590 and J1595 and the second round of improved lines J1598 could be used as excellent germplasm for hybrids and have a high potential for use.