高管团队多元化与组织绩效的关系:来自元分析的证据

The Relationship between Top Management Team Diversity and Firm Performance:Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

为整合高管团队(TMT)多元化研究的不一致结论,本研究将TMT分为7种管理层级类型,将多元化分为2(任务相关、关系导向)×3(分离、多样、不平等)种类型,将组织绩效分为2(会计指标、市场指标)×2(单一年份、多年均值)种类型,运用元分析法检验不同管理层级类型、多元化类型、组织绩效类型下TMT多元化对组织绩效的影响。基于106篇文献376个效应值的元分析结果表明,TMT多元化与组织绩效的关系在不同的TMT管理层级下有显著差异,该关系在由董事长、总裁、首席执行/信息/财务官、高级/执行/集团副总裁和内部董事构成的TMT类型下最积极。然而,TMT多元化与组织绩效的关系在不同的多元化类型、绩效类型下尚未呈现显著差异。以上结果有助于多元化管理研究与实践。

To integrate the inconsistent results in the research on top management team(TMT)diversity,this study used meta-analysis techniques to examine the relationship between TMT diversity and firm performance,as well as the moderating effects of the types of TMT,diversity,and firm performance,respectively.Specifically,TMT was divided into 7 types that included different levels of management title,diversity was divided into 2(task-related,relations-oriented)×3(separation,variety,and disparity)types,and firm performance was divided into 2(accounting index,market index)×2(performance in a single year,average performance over two or more years)types.The results of the meta-analysis of 376 effects from 106 independent studies show that the relationship between TMT diversity and firm performance is significantly different under different types of TMT,and the relationship is most positive under the TMT type composed of chairperson,chief executive officer,president,chief financial officer,chief operating officer,senior vice presidents,executive vice presidents,group vice presidents,and inside directors.However,there was no significant difference in the relationship between TMT diversity and firm performance under different types of diversity and different types of firm performance.These findings are conductive to the research and practice of diversity management.