大闸蟹下脚料加工水解蛋白粉研究

Study on the processing of hydrolyzed protein powder from theleftover of hairy crab

大闸蟹下脚料为加工大闸蟹产品(如香辣蟹、蟹黄酱等)所产生的余料,其中以蟹腿为主,不仅含有大量蛋白质,且含有丰富的微量元素和矿物质。若当作废料投放到环境中易腐败变质,会产生一列环境问题。该文以大闸蟹腿为原料,通过筛选不同酶以及优化不同酶解条件,确定最佳水解工艺,最后冷冻干燥得到水解蛋白粉。研究结果显示,碱性蛋白酶水解效果最好,最适酶解条件为温度50℃,pH=7,料液比18∶100(g∶mL),加酶量1500 U/g,酶解时间3.5 h。水解蛋白粉的氨基酸含量为66.85 g/100g,呈味氨基酸高达26.15 g/100g,分子质量<1000 Da的肽段占比89.61%。上述结果表明,制得的水解蛋白粉富含人体必需氨基酸和小分子多肽,易于吸收,营养价值较高。

Hairy crab leftovers are surplus materials produced by processing hairy crab products(such as spicy crab and crab roe sauce),most of which are crab legs.These leftovers contain not only a large amount of protein but also trace elements and minerals.If the leftovers are put into the environment as waste,it is easy to deteriorate and cause a series of environmental problems.In this paper,hairy crab legs were hydrolyzed as the raw material.The optimum hydrolysis process was determined by screening different enzymes and optimizing different hydrolysis conditions.Finally,the hydrolyzed protein powder was obtained by freeze-drying.Results showed that alkaline protease had the best hydrolysis effect under the optimal conditions,which were the temperature of 50℃,pH=7,feed liquid ratio of 18%,enzyme dosage of 1500 U/g,and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 3.5 h.The amino acid content of hydrolyzed protein powder was 66.85 g/100g,the flavor amino acid was as high as 26.15 g/100g,and the peptide with molecular weight<1000 Da accounted for 89.61%.The above results showed that the hydrolyzed protein powder was rich in human essential amino acids and small molecular polypeptides,which were easy to absorb and high in nutritional value.