干燥和贮藏方式对丝瓜花粉活力保持效果的影响

Effects of Drying and Storage Methods on the Vitality of Luffa Pollen

丝瓜花为半日花,花粉在自然条件下易丧失活力。为了延长花粉活力,探究不同干燥、贮藏条件下丝瓜花粉活力保持的效果,本研究以普通丝瓜高代自交系S383花粉为试材,研究了不同干燥方式、不同贮藏温度对丝瓜花粉活力、萌发率及田间授粉效果的影响。结果表明:丝瓜花粉活力随着贮藏时间的延长而降低,降低贮藏温度能有效延长丝瓜花粉贮藏时间;干燥处理后的花粉活力在低温贮藏后活力下降缓慢,未经干燥处理的花粉贮藏后无活力;所有处理中以日光灯+无水氯化钙干燥+超低温贮藏效果最佳,可将丝瓜花粉活力保持延长90 d以上,且其授粉坐果率达到65 %~80 %,能有效解决丝瓜新品种选育及杂交制种过程中雌花与雄花花期不遇、花粉贮藏及异地远距离花粉传送等问题。

Luffa flower is a half day flower,and its pollen is easy to lose vitality under natural conditions.In order to prolong the pollen viability,pollen grains of inbred line S383 were used as the material to explore the effects of drying methods and different storage temperatures on its vitality.The pollen viability and germination ration,as well as field pollination effect under different treatments were investigated.The results showed that the viability of pollen decreased with the prolongation of storage time,and lowering the storage temperature significantly prolong the storage time of pollen.The vitality of the dried pollen decreased slowly after low temperature storage,but fresh pollen lost vitality after storage.Comprehensive analysis showed that the best conditions for keeping pollen vitality were to preserve the pollen at ultra-low temperature after calcium chloride drying process under fluorescent lamp.Under this condition,the pollen viability could be kept over 90 days,and the fruit-setting ratios were about 65% ~ 80% after using the stored pollen for pollination.