政府碳税和补贴下的动力电池回收渠道契约协调

Contract Coordination of Power Battery Collecting Channels Under the Government Carbon Tax and Recycling Subsidy

在国家“双碳”目标背景下,聚焦研究政府向电池生产商征收低碳环保税、对回收企业实施回收补贴的组合激励政策对动力电池回收闭环供应链的影响。考虑由电池生产商主导下的动力电池闭环供应链,分析分别在单渠道回收模式和双渠道回收模式下对动力电池闭环供应链进行回收成本分担与收益共享契约协调的结果,并对组合政策设计的效果进行分析。研究发现:(1)低碳环保税和回收补贴机制能够有效提高废旧电池回收量,组合政策的设计能有效引导动力电池闭环供应链的回收行为;(2)双渠道回收模式下的回收量和企业利润均高于单渠道回收模式下的回收量和企业利润,竞争回收有利于促进回收;(3)在回收成本分担与收益共享契约的协调下,回收量和供应链总利润能够达到集中决策下的理想情况,且在不同回收模式下,当成本分担比例和收益共享比例合理设置时,电池生产商和汽车制造商的利润均高于分散决策时的利润。因此,在激励组合政策下,回收成本分担与收益共享契约能够有效协调动力电池闭环供应链,电池生产商和汽车制造商进行契约合作才是最优策略。

In the context of the national carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets,this paper focuses on the impact of portfolio incentive policy of government levying low carbon environment protection tax on the battery manufacturers and recycling subsidy on the recycling enterprises on the closed-loop supply chain of power battery recycling.Considering the closed-loop supply chain of power battery led by the battery manufacturers,it studies the results of the coordination of recycling cost-sharing and profit-sharing contract of power battery closed-loop supply chain under the single-channel and dual-channel recycling model,and analyzes the effect of portfolio incentive policy design.The results show that:(1)The carbon tax and recycling subsidy policy can effectively improve the recycling quantity of waste batteries,the design of the portfolio policy can effectively guide the recycling behavior of closedloop supply chain of power battery.(2)Recycling volume and enterprise profit under dual-channel recycling model are higher than those under the single-channel recycling model,competitive recycling is well situated to promoting recycling.(3)Under the coordination of recycling cost-sharing and profit-sharing contract,recycling volume and total profit of supply chain can reach the situation of centralized decision-making,under different recycling models,when the cost-sharing ratio and profit-sharing ratio are reasonably set,the profits of battery manufacturers and automobile manufacturers are higher than those under decentralized decision-making.Therefore,under the portfolio incentive policy,recycling cost-sharing and profit-sharing contract can effectively coordinate the closed-loop chain of power batteries,and the contract cooperation between battery manufacturers and automobile manufacturers is the best strategy.