文化景观视野的乡村遗产区域性保护——思路与模型构建

REGIONAL CONSERVATION OF RURAL HERITAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: THINKING AND MODEL BUILDING

针对单个聚落保护的资源分配、价值整体性以及影响力等方面的局限,在当前乡村遗产集中连片保护的国家政策和学术研究趋势下,探讨乡村遗产区域性保护的规划思路与方法。从乡村遗产作为延续性文化景观的价值认知出发,建立包含空间-时间维度的区域性保护模型框架:空间维度面向价值的完整性,包含文化景观区-文化景观单元-聚落生活区3个层面,分别侧重生态、生产与生活空间;时间维度面向价值的延续性,视乡村遗产为保护的对象与发展的资源,对应于历史与未来。同时以黔东南州肇兴侗寨群为案例,进行具体分析和阐释。模型的3个空间层级划分旨在提高保护的可操作性,在各层级将乡村遗产作为保护对象和发展资源并列讨论,以期突破保护与发展的理论困境。

In view of the limitations of single rural settlement conservation in resource allocation,value integrity,and influence,this paper aims to explore the regional conservation ideas and methods of rural heritage under the current national conservation policy and academic research trend of rural heritage conservation at the regional scale.Starting from the value cognition of rural heritage as a continuous cultural landscape,this paper establishes a regional conservation model that includes the integrity of value in spatial dimension and continuity of value in time dimension:the spatial dimension contains three scales,which are the cultural landscape region,the cultural landscape unit,and the dwelling area,corresponding to the ecological,agricultural,and living spaces respectively;in the time dimension,rural heritage is regarded as both the object of historic preservation and a resource for development towards the history and the present respectively.Taking the village group of Dong minorities of Zhaoxing in Qiandongnan Prefecture as an example,the paper also applies the model to the specific analysis and interpretation.The multiple scales of conservation aim to improve the operability of the model,and regarding rural heritage as both the conservation object and development resource at all levels is expected to make a breakthrough in the theoretical dilemma of conservation and development.