疑似过敏人群中儿童与成人的过敏原差异分析

Analysis of allergen differences between children and adults in suspected allergy population

目的分析过敏或疑似过敏人群中儿童与成人过敏原结果的差异并应用于临床诊疗。方法免疫印迹法检测过敏原;比较儿童(≤14岁)和成人(>14岁)过敏原的阳性率、类型、种数及性别占比采用卡方检验;非参数检验比较2组总IgE和螨虫组合(屋尘螨/粉尘螨)sIgE水平的差异。结果儿童过敏原总阳性率高于成人(P<0.01),2组人群阳性率最高的过敏原均为螨虫组合;儿童吸入性过敏原阳性率低于成人,而食入性和混合性过敏原阳性率高于成人(P<0.01);成人2种以下过敏原阳性率高达59.3%,而儿童2种以下过敏原阳性率仅占44.5%,多以2种及以上过敏原阳性为主;过敏原阳性人群中儿童以男童占比较大;成人以女性占比较大。结论儿童和成人在过敏原阳性率、类型、种数、性别占比以及总IgE和sIgE水平等方面均存在显著差异,为临床诊疗及研究提供分析数据。

Objective This study aims to analyze the difference of allergen between children and adults with allergy or suspected allergy and apply it to clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Allergens were detected by immunoblotting.The positive rate,type,number of allergens and sex ratio were compared by Chi square test between children(≤14 years old)and adults(>14 years old);the differences of total IgE and sIgE levels of mite were compared by nonparametric test.Results The total positive rate of allergens in children was higher than that in adults(P<0.01).The highest positive rate of the allergens were mites;the positive rate of inhaled allergens in children was lower than that in adults,while the positive rate of ingested and mixed allergens was higher than that in adults(P<0.01);the positive rate of less than 2 allergens in adults was 59.3%,while the positive rate of less than 2 allergens in children was only 44.5%,most of which were positive for more than 2 allergens(P<0.01);in the allergen-positive population,boys accounted for a large proportion of children,and adults accounted for a large proportion of allergen-positive women.Conclusion There are significant differences between children and adults in allergen positive rate,type,number,gender proportion and total IgE and sIgE levels,which provide analytical data for clinical diagnosis,treatment and research.