“N-F-R-P”系统化设计模型及其在商用飞机研制中的应用

‘N-F-R-P’ systematic design model and its application in commercial aircraft design

商用飞机产品高度复杂,研制周期长,如果在型号研制前期不能全面捕获利益攸关方的需要,并将其转化为设计需求逐层落实到型号研制过程中,将直接造成后期不必要的型号设计更改,并最终导致飞机的延迟交付和成本的急剧上升.针对上述问题,提出了一种面向商用飞机产品研制的正向设计过程模型方法,首先分析了“需要”、“功能”和“需求”这些早期设计中重要概念的区别和联系,进而提出一种通过“利益攸关方需要捕获”、“功能分析”、“需求分析”和“设计综合”四个顺序活动实现“N-F-R-P(需要-功能-需求-物理方案)”过程转化的方法,最后通过飞机着陆灯系统设计的应用案例检验了方法的可行性和有效性.

Civil aircraft is a typical complex product system,and the lead time of development is quite long.If the stakeholder needs cannot be fully captured in the early design phase,it will lead to unnecessary design iterations after transferred into design requirements and finally implemented in the following design phases,and it will even delay the final delivery further.Therefore,a‘N-F-R-P'design model is proposed to facilitate the top-down design process.Firstly,the concepts of‘Need',‘Function'and‘Requirement'are clarified and distinguished.Then,a systematic approach consisting of stakeholder needs capture,function analysis,requirement analysis and design synthesis are provided to achieve the‘N-F-R-P'transformation.Finally,an aircraft landing light design case is used to illustrate the‘N-F-R-P'top down design approach.