北京地方文物管理机构的变迁:初建时期——《北京志·文物卷·文物志》补述

Changes in Local Cultural Heritage Management Institutions in Beijing During the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China(1949–1955):Further Discussions about Records of Beijing:Records of Cultural Heritage in Volume of Cultural Heritage·

1951年北京市文物调查组的成立,标志着北京地方文物管理机构从无到有,为保障新中国文物保护政策法规在北京地区的实施提供了组织保障。文物调查组在首都发展建设中保护了大量文物,并开启了真正意义上的北京现代考古,为北京文物事业之后几十年的发展奠定了重要的基础。《北京志·文物卷·文物志》对北京文物事业50年发展历程进行了较系统整理和阐述,但对新中国初期北京文物管理机构的记述较为简略。以往北京考古研究综述对这一阶段笔墨也不多。通过对已公开资料的研究,可再厘清补证,并对北京市文物调查组的成立时间、职能任务、机构组织、领导关系等进行更深层次的探讨。

After the People’s Republic of China was founded,Chinese leaders paid much attention to cultural heritage protection.Accordlingly,special institutions were established across China one after another to manage cultural heritage protection,and China witnessed its first peak of development in cultural heritage protection.As the capital of China,Beijing needed to take urgent action to protect historical and cultural heritage during its urban development.In 1951,the Beijing municipal government established a cultural heritage task force as a subsidiary of the Culture and Education Commission to oversee the protection and management of cultural heritage in Beijing.The task force experienced many institutional reforms after its establishment.Based on archives and other information available,the author reviewed the changes in local cultural heritage management institutions in Beijing from the following aspects:their establishment,functions,affiliations,and staff structure to attract more attention from scholars to this subject.Records of Beijing:Records of Cultural Heritage in Volume of Cultural Heritage reviewed and summarized the management of cultural heritage in Beijing.Between 1949 and 2000,Beijing’s cultural heritage was managed by four different institutions in chronological sequence as follows:the Military Control Commission just after the liberation of Beijing;the Culture and Education Commission of the Beijing municipal government;the Beijing Municipal Culture Bureau;and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage Management.For more than six years between 1949 and 1955,Beijing’s cultural heritage was managed first by the Military Control Commission and then by the Culture and Education Commission.This period was critical for Beijing to start its undertakings on cultural heritage protection,and laid an important foundation for Beijing to advance its undertakings on cultural heritage,archaeology,and museums.This book has brief descriptions about this period with some minor mistakes.By reviewing archives and other information available,the author further identified the establishment of institutions which managed cultural heritage in Beijing during the early years of the People’s Republic of China and provided additional information.Firstly,the author discussed the origins of and relationships between cultural heritage management institutions set up by the central and local governments.Secondly,the author reviewed the establishment of the Beijing cultural heritage task force and identified its time of establishment,functions,tasks,structure,and relationships between its different leaders.Thirdly,the main achievements of the task force were discussed.Fourthly,some corrections were proposed for certain content in Records of Beijing:Records of Cultural Heritage in Volume of Cultural Heritage.This study shows that the establishment and reforms of local cultural heritage management institutions were closely linked to social development and the policies adopted by the Communist Party of China regarding cultural heritage protection during different historical periods.The establishment of local cultural heritage institutions in Beijing effectively ensured laws and regulations relating to cultural heritage protection were implemented in Beijing.