军事外交话语中国家形象的语用建构

Pragmatic Construction of National Identity in Military Diplomatic Discourse

本文以2014-2019年香格里拉对话会中的中美发言人互动性演讲为语料,运用互动身份理论和国家形象建构理论对军事外交话语中国家形象的语用建构进行分析,研究中美双方对本国形象的自建与他国形象的他建。研究结果表明,军事外交话语中国家形象的建构不是静态的,而是具有动态变化性。发言人运用建设性策略、正名性策略、转变性策略或解构性策略,选择直接或间接的指示方式以实现各种国家形象的建构。互动中的国家形象语用建构因受到关系原则的驱动,所以体现出交际的主体间性。

This paper investigates the pragmatic construction of national identity in military diplomatic discourse by employing the Theory of Identity and Interaction put forward by Bucholtz & Hall(2005) and the Theory of Discursive Construction of National Identity proposed by Wodak et. al(2009). The data are drawn from the interactive speeches delivered by the spokesmen from China and the United States in Shangri-La Dialogue during 2014-2019. Both the self-construction and the other-construction of national identity are analyzed. The results show that the construction of national identity is not static, but dynamic. The United States constructed three kinds of positive self-identities but negative national identities of China. On the other hand, China built three kinds of self-identities as well, namely the defender of peace, the promoter of international negotiation and cooperation, and the heroic defender of national sovereignty. At the same time, China also deconstructed the positive self-identities of the United States, converting “the provider of peace in Asia/Indo-Pacific region” into “the root of regional and world conflict”, “the leader of alliances and partners” into “the maker of opposing camps”, and “the advocate of international negotiation and cooperation” into “a unilateralist country”. Choosing direct or indirect indexicality, the spokesmen realized national identity construction by using four strategies, namely constructive strategy, justification strategy, transformation strategy and dismantling strategy. The findings further reveal that the construction of national identity is driven by the relationality principle, which shows intersubjectivity of the interaction.