某场站机务人员噪声性听力损失现况调查及危险因素分析

A cross-sectional study and risk factors analysis of noise-induced hearing loss among ground crew in a certain station

目的调查并了解空军机务人员听力损失的现状及相关危险因素。方法使用问卷调查和听力学检查的方法对某场站机务人员进行横断面调查,了解噪声性听力损失的流行特征和相关危险因素。将语频听力损失(SF-HL)、高频听力损失(HF-HL)或扩展高频听力损失(EHF-HL)者划为听力损失组,无SF-HL、HF-HL和EHF-HL者划为听力正常组。结果该场站机务人员SF-HL、HF-HL、EHF-HL发生率分别为3.1%、23.0%、55.2%,不同岗位(特设、电子、机械、军械)听力损失发生率无统计学差异;听力损失组耳鸣、耳堵塞感发生率高于听力正常组;多因素logistic回归分析显示,工作年限(OR=1.73)、防护器具使用情况(OR=0.56)、耳鸣(OR=2.39)、自觉听力情况(OR=1.77)是HF-HL的独立影响因素。结论在本组机务人员中,工作年限长、防护器具使用频率低、自觉听力下降以及耳鸣者发生HF-HL的风险增高,建议加强机务人员噪声防护意识,作业中尽可能佩戴噪声防护器具,对工作时间长、自觉听力下降、耳鸣等重点人群应进行定期的听力学检查。

Objective To investigate the current situation and risk factors of hearing loss among PLA Air Force ground crew.Methods By means of questionnaire and audiological examination,a cross-sectional study was conducted among the ground crew of a certain station of PLA Air Force,and then statistical analysis was performed to find out the epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors of noise-induced hearing loss.The subjects with speech frequency hearing loss(SF-HL),high frequency hearing loss(HF-HL)or extended high frequency hearing loss(EHF-HL)were divided into hearing loss group,and those without SF-HL,HF-HL and EHF-HL were divided into normal hearing group.Results The incidences of SF-HL,HF-HL,EHF-HL were 3.1%,23.0%,55.2%,respectively.There was no statistical significance in the incidence of hearing loss among different positions(special equipment,avionics,machinery and ordnance).The incidences of tinnitus and ear blockage feeling in hearing loss group were higher than those in normal hearing group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that years of work(OR=1.73),use of protective equipment(OR=0.56),tinnitus(OR=2.39),and conscious hearing(OR=1.77)were independent influencing factors of HF-HL.Conclusion In the ground crew we investigated,the risk of HF-HL increased among the ones with long working years,low frequency of using protective equipment,conscious hearing loss or tinnitus.It is suggested that the awareness of noise protection should be strengthened,noise protection equipment should be worn during operation,and audiological examination should be conducted regularly for key groups with long working hours,conscious hearing loss and tinnitus.