次生铁矿物及其与环境中锑的相互作用研究进展

A Review of the Interaction Mechanism between Secondary Iron Minerals and Antimony and the Effect on Antimony Environmental Behaviors

我国锑矿资源丰富,锑矿资源开发利用过程导致锑进入表生环境并富集。锑作为人体非必需重金属,具有高化学毒性,是国际公认优先控制金属污染物。次生铁矿物在形成过程中和成矿后能以共沉淀、吸附等方式固定有害金属,但又易受环境因子变化的影响,重新释放被固定的有害金属,对有害金属的环境行为和归宿有着重要影响。本文面向我国锑污染现状,立足于常见次生铁矿物的基本结构和表面过程,以次生铁矿物相转变为切入点,论述了次生铁矿物与锑的相互作用机理,总结了环境pH、溶解性有机物、Fe(Ⅱ)、微生物及环境温度等外界因素作用下次生铁矿物对锑环境行为的作用规律,以期从矿物学角度厘清环境因素-次生铁矿物-锑之间的微观作用机制,为表生环境锑污染的环境风险评价和修复治理提供理论指导。

The exploitation and utilization of antimony(Sb)resources have caused gradual growth and enrichment of antimony in the surface environment due to the abundance in antimony mineral resources in China.Antimony,as a non-essential metal,has high chemical toxicity and is internationally recognized as a priority metal pollutant.The secondary iron minerals(SIMs)can immobilize toxic metals through coprecipitation and adsorption during the formation and mineralization processes,while the immobilized toxic metals can be released from the SIMs as environmental condition changes.Thus,SIMs have important influence on the environmental behavior and the fate of these metals.Given the current situation of antimony pollution in China,this paper illustrated the structure and surface process of SIMs,discussed the mineral phase transformation,and then revealed the interactive mechanism between Sb and SIMs.Moreover,the effects of environment conditions including pH,dissolved organic matters,Fe(II),microorganism,and temperature on the environmental behaviors of antimony on SIMs were summarized.It aimed at clarifying the microcosmic mechanisms of the interaction among environmental factors,SIMs and antimony,and then providing theoretical guidance for environmental risk assessment and remediation of antimony pollution in surface environment.