先秦儒道礼学思想比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Ritual Thoughts Between Confucianism and Taoism in the Pre-Qin Period

先秦儒道礼学思想有几个本质不同之处,具体说来,儒家重视礼之文,道家重视礼之质,道家认为礼的形式本身不如礼的内容重要,即认为内容与形式,也就是文和质难以两全。儒家强调礼之等级差别,道家强调礼之平等。儒家强调行礼时服从社会和群体,道家提倡循性而动,率情而为。儒道礼学思想相异的原因首先是因为儒道两家对礼的界定不同,道家所界定的礼基本相当于儒家所界定的物质形态的礼。儒道政治观念和政治地位不同,对礼的对象认定的不同也会带来二者礼学思想的区别。

There are several essential differences between the ritual thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism in the pre-Qin period.Specifically,Confucianism attaches importance to the form of rites,and Taoism attaches importance to the essence of rites.Taoists believe that the form of the rite itself is less important than the content of the rite,and also believe that the form and content,that is,the presentation and the inherence,are difficult to get at the same time.Confucianism emphasizes the hierarchical difference in rites,while Taoism emphasizes the equality of rites.Confucianism thought obedience to society and groups when performing rituals,while Taoism advocates following human nature and acting spontaneously.The reasons for the difference between the ritual thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism is firstly because they have disparate definitions of rites,and the rite defined by Taoism is basically equivalent to the material form of rites defined by Confucianism.Besides,the different political ideas and political status also bring about the difference between the two ritual thoughts.