属人性:现代性起源和有效性的基本尺度——以马克思、胡塞尔人性论的比较与会通为视角

Human Nature:the Basic Measure of the Origin and Validity of Modernity——From the Perspective of Comparison and Convergence of Marx and Husserl’s Theory of Human Nature

如果将“人性”的批判与救赎“设定”为现代性的存在论基础,就意味着现当代哲学必须从起源和有效性两方面为现代性、人性及形而上学的内在关联性作出科学回应。首先,基于对单向度“人性论”的反思与批判,以及自然的经验世界中“人类理性”二维属性的还原与建构,现象学在理性的内涵与人性的向度原初促创的深度直观中,探明现代性与形而上学的共同基础。其次,基于对生命实践向度的深入掘发,实践哲学在人的对象性活动与本质力量实现的辩证逻辑中,在实践的自由与人性的形塑的互动互构中,揭明现代性与形而上学的共同旨归。最后,基于现象学与实践哲学意义上彻底的自然主义、理性主义和人道主义的内在统一,及真正的哲学家和无产阶级所共同肩负着“人类公仆”使命的论述,掘明哲学(理性)解放与实践解放在人性解放上的并重性、同构性与互释性,进而在自我的超越与人性的回归中明确现代性与形而上学的共同议题。

If the criticism and redemption of“human nature”are“set”as the ontological basis of modernity,it means that modern and contemporary philosophy must make scientific response to the interrelation of modernity,human nature and metaphysics from both origin and validity.First of all,based on the reflection and criticism of the one-dimensional“theory of human nature”and the reduction and construction of the two-dimensional attribute of“human rationality”in the natural empirical world,phenomenology explores the common foundation of modernity and metaphysics in the original deep intuition of the connotation of rationality and the dimension of human nature.Secondly,based on the in-depth exploration of the practical dimension of life,practical philosophy reveals the common purpose of modernity and metaphysics in the dialectical logic of human’s objective activities and the realization of essential forces,and in the interaction and interconstruction of the freedom of practice and the shaping of human nature.Finally,based on the internal unity of thorough naturalism,rationalism and humanitarianism in the sense of phenomenology and practical philosophy,and the argument that true philosophers and the proletariat shoulder the common mission of“human servants”,to explore the equality,isomorphism and mutual interpretation of philosophical(rational)liberation and practical liberation in the liberation of human nature,and then the common topics of modernity and metaphysics are clarified in the transcendence of self and the return of humanity.