某沿海城市手传振动作业工效学因素的现况调查

Investigation on the ergonomic factors of occupational hand-transmitted vibration in a coastal city

目的了解某沿海城市手传振动作业工效学因素对工人的危害情况,为后续的研究提供基础资料.方法2021年5-8月,以方便抽样的方式抽取沿海某市20家工厂共229名振动作业工人作为研究对象,采用问卷调查法和职业卫生调查法相结合的方式进行现场调查.结果本次调查对象大多为男性工人,平均年龄为(39.7±8.4)岁,平均工龄为(8.5±5.9)a.家具打磨工厂的平均a_(hw(4))为5.24 m/s^(2),噪声强度为88.5 dB(A);金属打磨工厂的平均a_(hw(4))为5.87 m/s^(2),噪声强度为86.2 dB(A);磨砂、抛磨、抛光工厂的平均a_(hw(4))为5.16 m/s^(2),噪声强度为88.4 dB(A).振动作业工人主要以站姿和蹲坐姿工作,并且长时间以同一姿势进行多次重复性操作,存在较为严重的姿势负荷和强迫体位等不良工效学因素,如颈部前倾、扭转,弯腰、转身,手腕弯曲、扭转等.振动作业工人自觉症状发生率前五位的依次为手麻(59.39%)、手腕痛(57.21%)、腰痛(38.43%)、手部多汗(37.12%)、肩痛(28.82%).结论作业工人的手传振动和噪声危害较大,同时在加工过程中存在严重的姿势负荷和强迫体位等不良工效学因素.

Objective To study the harm of ergonomic factors to workers in occupational hand-transmitted vibration in a coastal city,and to provide basic information for subsequent research.Methods From May to August 2021,a total of 229 vibration workers from 20 factories in a coastal city were selected as the research objects by means of convenience sampling.Field investigation was conducted by combining questionnaire survey and occupational health survey.Results The respondents were mostly maleworkers,with an average age of(39.7±8.4)years and an average length of service of(8.5±5.9)a.The average a_(hw(4)) of furniture grinding factory was 5.24 m/s^(2)and the noise intensity was 88.5 dB(A).The average a_(hw(4)) of metal grinding factory was 5.87 m/s^(2)and the noise intensity was 86.2 dB(A).The average a_(hw(4)) of grinding,polishing and polishing factory was 5.16 m/s^(2)and the noise intensity was 88.4 dB(A).Vibration workers mainly worked in standing and squatting positions,and performed repeated operations in the same position for a long time.There were serious postural load and forced position and other adverse ergonomic factors,such as neck forward and torsion,bending and turning,wrist bending and torsion,etc.The top five incidence of conscious symptoms of vibration workers were hand numbness(59.39%),wrist pain(57.21%),lumbago(38.43%),hand hypersweating(37.12%),shoulder pain(28.82%).Conclusions The hazards of hand-transmitted vibration and noise are great,and there are serious ergonomic factors such as postural load and forced position in the process of processing.