心内科护士职业倦怠与心理健康的关系分析

Relationship between job burnout and mental health among nurses in the department of cardiology

目的探讨心内科护士职业倦怠发生情况、影响因素及其与心理健康的关系。方法以156名心内科护士作为对象,收集一般资料,采用马氏职业倦怠量表(MBI)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估护士职业倦怠及心理健康状态,分析心内科护士职业倦怠产生的因素及其与心理健康评分的相关性。结果心内科护士情感衰竭[(28.45±5.78)分vs.(22.19±9.53)分]、去人性化维度测评得分[(9.55±1.78)分vs.(7.12±5.22)分]均值明显高于美国医护人员常模(P<0.05),个人成就感测评得分[(23.86±8.96)分vs.(36.54±7.32)分]低于美国医护人员常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。共有59名心内科护士中存在职业倦怠。Logistic回归分析结果显示,护龄、倒班是心内科护士职业倦怠产生的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。心内科护士强迫[(1.99±0.42)分vs.(1.62±0.58)分]、焦虑[(1.74±0.41)分vs.(1.39±0.43)分]、偏执因子得分[(1.67±0.42)分vs.(1.43±0.57)分]及SCL-90总均分[(1.57±0.41)分vs.(1.44±0.43)分]明显高于中国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,心内科护士情感衰竭、去人性化维度测评得分与SCL-90总均分呈正相关性(r=0.452,0.385,P<0.05),个人成就感维度测评得分与SCL-90总均分呈负相关性(r=-0.345,P<0.05)。结论心内科护士存在一定职业倦怠现象,护龄和倒班是职业倦怠发生的影响因素,职业倦怠与心理健康相关,在工作中应注重对护理人员职业倦怠影响因素及心理健康的关注。

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of job burnout among nurses in the department of cardiology,and to investigate the relationship between job burnout and mental health.Methods Totally 156 nurses in cardiology department were surveyed,and their general data were collected.The Markovian Burnout Inventory(MBI)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)were used to assess the status of job burnout and mental health in nurses.The factors causing job burnout among nurses in the department of cardiology and the correlation between job burnout and mental health score were analyzed.Results The average scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of nurses in the department of cardiology were significantly higher than those of American medical workers[(28.45±5.78)vs.(22.19±9.53),(9.55±1.78)vs.(7.12±5.22)](P<0.05),and the personal achievement score was lower than that of American medical worker norms[(23.86±8.96)vs.(36.54±7.32)](P<0.05).A total of 59 nurses in the department of cardiology had job burnout.Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing age and alternating shift were independent influencing factors of job burnout among nurses in the department of cardiology(P<0.05).The scores of compulsion,anxiety and paranoid,and the total score of SCL-90 of nurses in the department of cardiology were significantly higher than those of Chinese norms[(1.99±0.42)vs.(1.62±0.58),(1.74±0.41)vs.(1.39±0.43),(1.67±0.42)vs.(1.43±0.57),(1.57±0.41)vs.(1.44±0.43)](P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were positively correlated with the total score of SCL-90(r=0.452,0.385,P<0.05),and the personal achievement score was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90(r=-0.345,P<0.05).Conclusions There is a certain degree of job burnout among nurses in the department of cardiology,which is affected by nursing age and alternating shift.Job burnout is related to mental health.Therefore,attention should be paid to the influencing factors of job burnout and mental health of nursing staff.