社会排斥影响自杀意念的城乡差异:基于内隐和外显测评的实证研究

The Urban-Rural Differences in the Influence of Social Exclusion on Suicide Ideation:An Empirical Study Based on Implicit and Explicit Evaluation

目的:探讨医学新生中社会排斥和自杀意念的关系及城乡差异。方法:研究一采用整群随机抽样法对选修课2258名大学生施测社会排斥感问卷、青少年自杀意念量表;研究二采用方便抽样法对194名大学生进行社会排斥问卷和内隐自杀意念IAT测评;研究三选取142人,完成接纳掷球与排斥掷球实验任务后进行内隐自杀意念IAT评定。结果:研究一发现,农村大学生的社会排斥(33.75±10.10)高于城市(32.18±10.05),差异显著(t=3.68,P<0.01);特质社会排斥对大学生外显自杀意念具有正向预测力(β=0.38,P<0.01),对农村学生的预测力(β=0.44)明显高于城市(β=0.33)。研究二显示,城乡大学生内隐自杀意念效应D值之间无显著性差异(t=-0.789,P>0.05);特质社会排斥对大学生内隐自杀意念效应D值也无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究三发现,农村大学生两种任务情景下的D值差值(100.19±213.47)明显大于城市学生(20.02±240.28),差异显著(t=-2.051,P<0.05)。结论:农村大学生的社会排斥和自杀意念明显高于城市学生,社会排斥对农村大学生自杀意念的影响权重大于城市学生。

Objective:To explore the relationship between social rejection and suicidal ideation with urban-rural differences among medical freshmen.Methods:During study 1,stratified cluster random was used to select 2258 students from college.Questionnaire survey was used to collect social exclusion,suicide ideation;In study 2,by convenience sampling method,194 college students were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on their sense of social exclusion,and then conducted a unified IAT behavioral program test of implicit suicide;During study 3,142 people were selected and the implicit suicide ideation evaluation was performed after completing the test tasks of accepting and rejecting the throwing ball.Results:(1)The social exclusion of rural college students(33.75±10.10)was significantly higher than that of urban college students(32.18±10.05)(t=3.68,P<0.01);Trait social exclusion positively predicted explicit suicidal ideation(β=0.38,P<0.01);The predictive power of rural college students(β=0.44)was higher than that of urban college students(β=0.33).(2)Study 2 showed that there was no significant difference in the effect size(Cohen’s d)of implicit suicidal ideation between urban and rural college students(t=-0.789,P>0.05).Trait social exclusion also had no significant effect on the implicit suicidal ideation effect size of college students(P>0.05).(3)Study 3 found that the difference in effect size(100.19±213.47)of rural college students under the two task scenarios was significantly greater than that of urban students(20.02±240.28),and the difference was statistically significant(t=-2.051,P<0.05).Conclusion:The social exclusion and suicidal ideation of rural college students are significantly higher than that of urban students,and the influence of social exclusion on suicide ideation of rural college students is greater than that of urban students.