日本学者丸山茂对白居易诗歌时间层的研究

Study on the Time Layer of Bai Juyi’s Poems by Japanese Scholar Mao Maruyama

《白氏文集》自日本平安时代传入以来,对日本古典文学产生了极大的影响,在研究白居易的众多日本学者中,丸山茂无疑是极具创新视角的一位。他在研究《白氏文集》时特别注意到了其作为回忆录的一面并对其时间层展开了深入的研究。他认为,白居易诗歌的时间层首先体现在其单首诗作常常以“依旧”“重过”“重到”“重寻”等词语来展示;其次体现在形成于某一时间段的诗歌群,如洛阳城东赵村杏花作品群、长安城里曲江作品群、写马的作品群、某一个任官之地的作品群等;再次体现在白居易有意识地将自己的作品编集起来并有意识地保存流传后世。丸山茂的这些研究展现出重视时间意识、纵向挖掘精深细致以及材料荟集兼顾思理分析的鲜明特点,但也显示出“史证”意识淡薄、征引不够的弱点。

Since its introduction in Japan in the Pingan Era,the Collected Works of Bai Juyi has had big influences on the Japanese classic literature.Among many Japanese scholars studying Bai Juyi,Maruyama is one of the scholars that have new perspectives.He paid special attention to the memoirs side of the Collected Works of Bai Juyi and investigated the time layers in the Collected Works of Bai Juyi.Maruyama believed that the time layers of Bai Juyi’s poems were firstly reflected in the words such as“still”,“revisit”and“rediscover”etc.contained in his individual poems.Bai Juyi’s poems that focus on certain topics such as the apricot blossom in the Zhao Village of Eastern Luoyang City,Qujiang in the Chang’an City,horses or the places that some officials worked constitute the second time layer of his poems.In addition,Bai Juyi intentionally compiled his poems to allow future generations to read.Maruyama’s findings demonstrate his awareness of time and profound analytical capability.However,his problems in terms of the application of historical evidence are also obvious.