马克·吐温斐济旅行书写中多元文化身份建构的具身认知特质

Embodied Cognitive Characteristics of Pluralistically Constructed Cultural Identity in Mark Twain’s Fiji Travelling Writings

作为享誉世界的著名作家,马克·吐温对东方及殖民地的态度在学界却一直颇有争议;然而,《赤道环游记》是马克·吐温的几部重要游记之一,真切地反映了其文化身份,但国内却极少有学者对该书中马克·吐温的多元文化身份赖以生成和运作的认知机制进行研究。本文以《赤道环游记》中有关南太平洋岛国斐济的旅行书写为研究对象,以具身认知哲学为理论视阈,探究马克·吐温多元文化身份建构的具身认知机制,认为他在不同语境中先后表现出敬畏自然的唯美浪漫主义者、争霸全球的高傲帝国主义者和饱含人文主义情怀的友好国际进步人士等不同文化身份,其原因正是他在不同自然或社会环境中的具身认知体验使然,反映了帝国文人在敬畏自然、贪图帝国霸权和追求人文理想之间徘徊的复杂情怀。

Mark Twain’s attitude towards the East and the colonies has always been controversial in the academic circle.Following the Equator(1897)is one of Mark Twain’s important travel notes,which truly reflects his cultural identity,but few scholars in China have studied it.An attempt in this paper is to explore Mark Twain’s multicultural identity in his travel writings about Fiji,an island nation in the South Pacific,in Following the Equator.According to the study,Mark Twain’s different cultural identities in different contexts,such as an aesthetical romantic in awe of nature,a proud imperialist in global domination,and a friendly international progressive full of humanistic feelings,are due to his embodied cognitive experience in different natural or social environments.It reflects the complex feelings of the imperial scholars wandering between reverence for nature,political reality and humanistic ideal.