中国历史文化名城营建与仿生象物意匠

Urban Planning and Construction of China’s Historical and Cultural Cities With Bionic and Pictographic Ideas

本文研究中国历史文化名城营建的仿生象物意匠。影响中国古城规划的有如下3种思想体系:(1)体现礼制的思想体系;(2)以《管子》为代表的重环境求实用的思想体系;(3)追求天地人和谐合一的哲学思想体系。仿生象物意匠属于追求天地人和谐合一的哲学思想体系,具有中国传统文化特色,其源于古代生殖崇拜、图腾崇拜和风水观念。仿生象物的营造意匠可以分为:法人、仿生法动物、仿生法植物的意匠以及象物的意匠,即象非生物的,如琵琶形、船形、盘形、八卦形等。我国141座历史文化名城中,以仿生象物为意匠的有40座之多。仿生象物,是中国人的思维方式和行为特点,也是中国古城规划区别于外国城市的重要文化特色之一。

This paper studies the ideas of bionics and pictographs in the urban planning and construction of China’s historical and cultural cities.There are three ideological systems that influenced urban planning in ancient China:First,the ideological system that embodies Li Zhi;second,the ideological system focusing on geography,practice and function,of which Guan Zi is a representative;third,the philosophical system of harmony among the universe,the earth and mankind.The ideas of bionics and pictographs belong to the philosophical system.These ideas are the the distinguishing features of traditional Chinese culture.It has its origins in the worship of reproduction,the worship of totem and Feng Shui.These ideas can be divided into:following the man;following the animals;following the plants;and following the objects,such as the shape of pipa,ship,disc and the Eight Diagrams.Among the 141 national historical and cultural cities,40 cities have these ideas.The bionic and pictographic ideas are characteristic of Chinese thinking patterns and Chinese behaviour,and are one of the cultural characteristics that distinguish Chinese ancient urban planning from other countries.