摘要
本研究通过探究泰安市农业科学研究院自1990年至今三十年来通过国家和山东省审定的泰科麦(泰山)系列小麦品种,为今后小麦育种和新品种推广提供数据支撑和理论依据。本研究分析了近三十年来泰科麦(泰山)系列小麦产量、农艺性状和品质性状。结果表明:育成品种的产量水平呈现上升趋势,平均产量水平达到8016.34 kg/hm~2,超过国家和山东省近年来小麦产量平均水平,表明育成的品种具有较高的产量水平。自2018年以来,育成的品种产量增加幅度较小,主要因为在旱地、优质以及特用小麦培育上有所突破。品质方面,蛋白质含量相对稳定,均值为13.9%,湿面筋含量和吸水量达到较高水平,均值分别为32.9%,60.1 mL/100 g,稳定时间变异系数最大,达到60.90%。表明在品质育种上,育成品种稳定时间差异较大,今后应注重提高新品种的稳定时间。四项品质指标均达到强筋水平、中强筋水平、中筋水平、弱筋水平的个数占15个育成品种比例分别为6.67%、13.33%、33.33%、0%,其余46.67%达不到弱筋水平,归为中筋。育成的品种中,中筋小麦占比较大,强筋和中强筋品种不足。其中,稳定时间较短、各项品质指标不协调是主要原因。因此,在保证产量提高的基础上,泰科麦(泰山)系列小麦品种改良的重点是提高小麦品种的品质性状,应重点从提高稳定时间和平衡各个品质性状上进行改良。除了综合亲本的遗传背景,重点利用品质性状优良的亲本作为育种材料,后代注重选择综合性状优良,品质性状突出的材料。
The Taikemai(Taishan)series of wheat varieties which released in China and Shandong Province by Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the past 30 years since 1990 were studied,which provided data support and theoretical basis for wheat breeding and new variety promotion in the future.The yield,agronomic and quality traits were analyzed.The yield of cultivated varieties showed an upward trend,and the average yield reached 8016.34 kg/hm~2,which exceeded the average level both China and Shandong Province in recent years.Since 2018,the yield of cultivated varieties increased slightly.Mainly because of breakthroughs in dry land,high quality and special purpose wheat breeding.In terms of quality,protein content was relatively stable,with an average value of13.9%,wet gluten content and water absorption reached a high level,with an average value of 32.9%,60.1 mL/100 g,and a largest CV of stability time,60.90%.The result showed that the stability time of new varieties varied greatly in quality breeding,and it should be improved in the future.The number of four quality traits reached the level of strong gluten,medium strong gluten,medium gluten and soft gluten accounted for 6.67%,13.33%,33.33%and0%respectively in the 15 cultivars.The remaining 46.67%didn’t reach the level of soft gluten and were classified as medium gluten.Among the cultivated varieties,the proportion of medium gluten wheat was the largest,the medium and strong gluten were less.Mainly because the short stability time and the imbalance of quality traits.Therefore,on the basis of ensuring yield,improving quality is important.The point is to improve stability time and balance each quality trait.In addition to synthesize the genetic background of the parents,excellent quality traits are preferred.We should choose material with good comprehensive character and outstanding quality traits.
作者
孙盈盈
王瑞霞
吕广德
王超
孙宪印
米勇
亓晓蕾
牟秋焕
陈永军
吴科
钱兆国
Sun Yingying;Wang Ruixia;Lü Guangde;Wang Chao;Sun Xianyin;Mi Yong;Qi Xiaolei;Mu Qiuhuan;Chen Yongjun;Wu Ke;Qian Zhaoguo(Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taian,271000)
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第22期7567-7573,共7页
Molecular Plant Breeding
基金
山东省良种工程项目“优质专用新品种培育”(2019LZGC001-3)
泰安市科技计划引导计划项目(2019NS094)
国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系-泰安综合试验站(CARS-3-2-21)
山东省现代农业产业体系小麦创新团队“遗传育种岗位”(SDAIT-01-05)共同资助。