健康宣教联合华生关怀理论在再生障碍性贫血中的应用及对患者消极状态、并发症、生活质量的影响

The application of health education and Watson care theory in aplastic anemia and its influence on patients’negative state,complications and quality of life

目的探讨健康宣教联合华生关怀理论在再生障碍性贫血中的应用及对患者消极状态、并发症、生活质量的影响。方法选取2018年4月—2020年4月河北北方学院附属第一医院114例再生障碍性贫血患者,根据入院不同顺序进行分组,将2018年4月—2019年4月间的57例再生障碍性贫血患者作为对照组,将2019年5月—2020年4月间的57例再生障碍性贫血患者作为观察组,对照组给予常规健康宣教,观察组基于对照组给予健康宣教+华生关怀理论,均干预1个月。比较两组健康知识知晓程度、并发症发生率及干预前后心理状态症状自评量表(SCL-90)评分、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)评分、健康促进生活方式量表(HPLPⅡ)评分、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分变化情况。结果干预1个月后观察组SCL-90评分、SPBS评分较对照组低,健康知识知晓程度、HPLPⅡ评分较对照组高(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率8.77%低于对照组22.81%(P<0.05);干预1个月后观察组生活质量WHOQOL-BREF评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论健康宣教结合华生关怀理论能有效提升再生障碍性贫血患者疾病认知度,保持健康行为方式,抑制消极感受,进一步减轻心理负担,降低并发症风险,提升生活质量水平。

Objective To explore the application of health education and Watson care theory in aplastic anemia and its influence on patients’negative state,complications and quality of life.Methods 114 patients with aplastic anemia from the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from April 2018 to April 2020 were selected and grouped according to the different order of admission,and 57 patients with aplastic anemia from April 2018 to April 2019 were selected.Patients with aplastic anemia served as the control group,and 57 patients with aplastic anemia from May 2019to April 2020 were used as the observation group.The control group was given regular health education and the observation group was based on the control group’s health education+Watson care theory,all intervened for 1 month.Comparing the two groups’health knowledge awareness,the incidence of complications,and the psychological status symptom self-rating scale(SCL-90)score and self-perceived burden scale,(SPBS)score,health promoting lifestyle profile(HPLPⅡ)score,World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF)Changes in the score were compared.Results The health knowledge awareness of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after 1 month of intervention(P<0.05);The SCL-90 scores of the observation group in the dimensions of interpersonal sensitivity,phobia,depression,and anxiety were higher than those in the control group after one month of intervention(P<0.05);SPBS scores of emotional burden,physical burden,and economic burden of the observation group were lower than those of the control group after 1 month of intervention(P<0.05);The HPLPⅡscores of health responsibility,physical exercise,and stress management in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after 1 month of intervention(P<0.05);The complication rate of observation group was 8.77%lower than that of control group 22.81%(P<0.05);The WHOQOL-BREF score of quality of life in observation group was higher than that of control group after 1 month of intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion Health promotion and education combined with Watson caring theory can effectively improve the disease awareness of patients with aplastic anemia,maintain healthy behaviors,suppress negative feelings,further reduce the psychological burden,reduce the risk of complications,and improve the quality of life.