自贸试验区促进了企业高质量出口吗

Does the Pilot Free Trade Zone Promote High-quality Export of Enterprises

本文基于2009—2015年工业企业数据库、海关数据库及《中国城市统计年鉴》的合并数据,系统考察了自贸试验区设立对企业出口产品质量升级的影响。研究表明,设立自贸试验区没有促进出口产品质量升级,在实施一系列稳健性分析之后,该结论依然成立。进一步的机制考察表明:试验区通过吸引外资进入,在溢出效应和竞争效应的双重作用下促进了出口产品质量升级;而本土低生产率企业的大量进入,拉低了试验区所在城市出口产品质量的整体水平;试验区的制度红利使得企业从事核心技术研发创新的动力不足,从而也抑制了出口产品质量升级,总体上,试验区对出口产品质量的促进作用小于进入效应和创新抑制效应。

Based on the combined data of industrial enterprise database, customs database and China Urban Statistical Yearbook from 2009 to 2015, this paper investigated the impact of the establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zone on enterprises’ export product quality upgrading.The result shows that the establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zone doesn’t promote the quality upgrading of export products, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness analysis.Further mechanism investigation results show that the Pilot Free Trade Zone promotes the quality upgrading of export products under the dual effects of spillover effect and competition effect by attracting foreign investment;The massive entry of local low productivity enterprises lowers the overall level of export product quality in the cities where the Pilot Free Trade Zone is located;The institutional dividend of the Pilot Free Trade Zone makes enterprises lack the motivation to engage in core technology R&D and innovation, which also inhibits the upgrading of export product quality.On the whole, the promotion effect of the Pilot Free Trade Zone on the quality of export products is less than the entry effect and innovation inhibition effect.