外资进入能否提升中国企业全球价值链位置——基于OECD跨国企业活动数据的再检验

Does the Entry of Foreign Direct Investment Enhance the Position of Chinese Enterprises in the Global Value Chain——Re-examination Based on the OECD Activity of Multinational Enterprises Database

本文基于OECD跨国企业活动数据库、中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库匹配数据,运用区分内外资的增加值贸易分解模型构建企业层面的全球价值链指标,实证检验了FDI对中国企业全球价值链位置的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明,FDI总体上抑制了中国企业进出口全球价值链位置的提升,其中企业吸收能力呈现正向调节作用,企业全球价值链嵌入呈现负向调节作用。异质性检验结果显示,FDI促进了内资企业出口全球价值链位置和外资企业进口全球价值链位置的升级,对一般贸易和西部地区企业全球价值链位置提升的抑制作用较显著,非港澳台地区外资对企业全球价值链位置的负向影响较强。

Based on the matching data of the OECD Activity of Multinational Enterprises, the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and the Customs Database, this paper applied trade in value-added decomposition model distinguishing between domestic and foreign investment to construct firm-level global value chain indicators, and empirically tested the impact of FDI on the position of Chinese enterprises in the global value chain and its mechanism.The research shows that FDI generally inhibits the improvement of the position of Chinese enterprises in the global value chain, where the absorptive capacity of enterprises plays a positive regulatory role, and the participation of enterprises in the global value chain shows a negative regulating effect.The results of heterogeneity test suggest that FDI significantly improves the position of domestic-owned enterprises in the global value chain of exports and the position of foreign-owned enterprises in the global value chain of imports.FDI has a more significant inhibitory effect on the position promotion of general trade enterprises and western region’s enterprises in the global value chain.FDI from outside of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan has a relatively strong negative impact on the position of Chinese enterprises in the global value chain.