父母支持对超常儿童情绪智力的影响:基本心理需求的中介作用

The Effect of Parental Support on the Emotional Intelligence of Gifted Children:The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs

本研究分别从超常儿童教育实验班和普通班中选取了10-12岁的159名超常儿童和142名常态儿童。首先采用《情绪智力量表》比较两组儿童的情绪智力差异,然后采用《父母自主支持量表》以及《基本心理需求量表》对超常儿童的父母支持及基本心理需求进行评估,并进一步分析超常儿童父母支持、基本心理需求和情绪智力间的关系,建立结构方程模型。研究结果表明:1.10-12岁超常儿童的情绪智力显著低于常态儿童;2.父母支持、基本心理需求与超常儿童情绪智力间有显著的正相关关系;3.基本心理需求在父亲支持和母亲支持对超常儿童情绪智力的影响中起到部分中介作用,中介效应量分别为17.06%、15.63%。该结果启示家长和教育工作者应关注超常儿童情绪智力的发展状况,同时也为超常儿童父母培养和发展超常儿童情绪智力提供建议。

In this research 159 gifted children and 142 ordinary children aged 10-12 were selected from the gifted education experimental class and ordinary class respectively. The emotional intelligence of the two groups was compared by using the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the parental support and basic psychological needs of gifted children were evaluated by using the Parental Autonomy Support Scale and Basic Psychological Needs Scale. The relationship between parental support, basic psychological needs and emotional intelligence of gifted children was analyzed, and the structural equation model was established to test the mediating role of basic psychological needs between parental support and emotional intelligence of gifted children. The results showed that: 1) the emotional intelligence of gifted children aged 10-12 was significantly lower than that of ordinary children;2) there was a significant positive correlation between parental support, basic psychological needs and emotional intelligence of gifted children;3) the basic psychological needs played a partial mediating role in the effect of father support and mother support on the emotional intelligence of gifted children, with the mediating effect of 17.06% and 15.63% respectively. It is suggested that parents and educators should attach importance to the development of the emotional intelligence of gifted children. Guidelines are also provided for parents of gifted children to cultivate and develop their emotional intelligence.