“文化强国”与“博物馆强国”建设背景下美国博物馆美育经验及启示

美国是当今世界的“文化强国”与“博物馆强国”。美国博物馆的社会教育功能完备发达,是教育主导型博物馆。其中,以艺术审美教育为核心内容和首要手段的美育功能尤为突出。观之美国著名的艺术类博物馆的社会美育案例,可以总结出美国经验对于国内博物馆美育的三点启示:第一,观众第一,强化服务意识:博物馆要以优质的服务吸引观众“走进来、常进来、融进来”;博物馆要以优质的服务引导观众“多探索、多参与、多表达”;博物馆要以优质的服务促进观众“学文化、学艺术、学审美”。第二,转变理念,突出美育职能:博物馆要更好地发挥美育的情感润泽功能;博物馆要更好地发挥美育的教育中介功能;博物馆要更好地发挥美育的创造力激发功能。第三,寓教于乐,凸显休闲意味:博物馆的发展融入现代休闲产业的发展进程;博物馆的发展助推建设性的休闲生活开展;博物馆的发展助力审美化的休闲样态生长。

The United States is a "cultural power" and a "museum power" in the world today. The social education function of American museums is well-developed, and it is an educationled museum. Among them, the function of aesthetic education with art aesthetic education as the core content and primary means is particularly prominent. Looking at the social aesthetic education cases of famous art museums in the United States, we can summarize three enlightenments from the American experience for domestic museum aesthetic education: first, the audience first, and strengthen the sense of service: museums should attract audiences with high-quality services. "Come in often and blend in";museums should use high-quality services to guide the audience to "explore more, participate more, and express more";museums should use high-quality services to promote audiences to "learn culture, art, and aesthetics". Second, change the concept and highlight the function of aesthetic education: museums must better exert the emotional moisturizing function of aesthetic education;museums must better exert the educational intermediary function of aesthetic education;museums must better exert the creative and stimulating function of aesthetic education. Third, entertaining and entertaining, highlighting the meaning of leisure: the development of museums is integrated into the development process of modern leisure industry;the development of museums promotes the development of constructive leisure life;the development of museums promotes the growth of aesthetic leisure.