刑事诉讼电子数据合法性制度框架的虚化与矫正

The Institutional Framework of Legitimacy of Electronic Data in Criminal Procedure:Defunctionalization and Rectification

在刑事诉讼电子数据合法性控制方面,我国已经形成了由取证规范、审查标准和排除规则组成的基本制度框架。但该框架还存在以下问题:在取证规范方面,电子数据取证措施与刑事侦查措施还没有形成有机的对接;在审查标准方面,合法性标准基本上为真实性标准所吸收覆盖;在排除规则方面,基本上无法为取证规范和审查标准提供有效的制裁措施保障。这些问题导致当前电子数据合法性审查处于虚化的状态,电子数据取证与审查体系潜藏价值失衡的危险。应该从立法修改、价值调适以及制度框架内部调整等角度对我国电子数据合法性的规范体系进一步优化。

To guarantee the legitimacy of electronic data, China has established a basic institutional framework composed of the regulations of obtaining evidence, review criteria and rules of exclusion.However, there are still some problems in this institutional framework. In the aspect of forensics norms,regulations of obtaining evidence have not been effectively docked with the investigative measures on the Criminal Procedure Law;in the aspect of review criteria, the legitimacy of electronic data is basically covered by the rules of authenticity;in the aspect of rules of exclusion, no effective supporting sanction measures are provided for the regulations of obtaining evidence and review criteria. These problems lead to the defunct state of formalization of the current legitimacy review of electronic data, and the potential risk of value imbalance of this institutional framework. We should optimize the institutional framework by legislative amendment, value adaptation and adjustment of the system of regulations.