中国中老年居民体检情况及其前倾、使能、需求、健康行为影响因素分析

Analysis on physical examination status and its predisposing,enabling,need and healty behavioral influencing factors among middle-aged and older Chinese residents

目的了解中国中老年居民体检情况及其前倾、使能、需求和健康行为影响因素,为培养民众体检意识、建设体检医疗体系和出台体检相关政策提供参考依据。方法利用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)中13188名中老年居民是否参加体检的相关数据,基于安德森模型采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析影响中国中老年居民体检情况的前倾、使能、需求和健康行为因素。结果中国13188名中老年居民中,参加过体检者6409人,参加体检者比例为48.60%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,前倾因素中,年龄≥60岁、农业户口、中共党员和初中及以上文化程度的中老年居民更易参加体检,少数民族的中老年居民更不易参加体检;使能因素中,有养老保险的中老年居民更易参加体检,中部地区的中老年居民更不易参加体检;需求因素中,有慢性病的中老年居民更易参加体检,有抑郁倾向的中老年居民更不易参加体检;健康行为因素中,有饮酒史的中老年居民更易参加体检,有吸烟史的中老年居民更不易参加体检。结论中国中老年居民体检比例较低,年龄、户口类型、民族、政治身份、文化程度、有无养老保险、地区、有无慢性病、有无抑郁倾向、有无吸烟史和有无饮酒史是影响我国中老年居民的前倾、使能、需求和健康行为因素。

Objective To examine the prevalence and impact factors of physical examination among middle-aged and older Chinese residents and to provide references for promoting the residents′awareness on physical examination and relevant policy making.Methods The data on 13188 residents aged 45 years and over were from a wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)conducted in 2018 across China's Mainland.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess predisposing,enabling,need and health behavioral factors for physical examination in the residents based on the Andersen-Newman model.Results Of the residents,48.60%(6409)reported having participated in physical examination.The results of logistic regression analysis revealed following four dimensional promoting factors for taking physical examination,including 1)predisposing:aged≥60 years,with rural household register,being a member of Communist Party of China,having an education of junior high school and above;2)enabling:with a pension insurance;3)need:suffering from chronic disease;and 4)health behavior:with alcohol drinking history;the results also showed that the four dimensional hindering factors for taking physical examination were 1)predisposing:being minority ethnic;2)enabling:living in central region of China;3)assessed with depression tendency;and 4)health behavior:with smoking history.Conclusion Among middle-aged and older Chinese residents in 2018,the prevalence of taking physical examination was relatively low and mainly influenced by age,ethnic group,household register,political identity,education,pension insurance,whether suffering from chronic disease,whether having depression tendency and the history of smoking and alcohol drinking.