宁夏六盘山地区啮齿动物及其携带病原体情况调查

Distribution and pathogen carrying of rodents in Liupan Mountain area,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

目的了解宁夏六盘山地区啮齿动物及其携带病原体的情况,为当地深入开展鼠传疾病防治工作提供参考依据。方法于2020年9月在六盘山地区老龙潭风景区、黄花乡和兴盛乡3个调查点通过夹夜法捕捉啮齿动物,取脾脏和肺脏组织;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)检测肺脏中的汉坦病毒及脾脏中的巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、埃立克体、新布尼亚病毒、莫氏立克次体,并采用Fisher确切概率法分析不同性别、栖息环境、采样点和鼠种啮齿动物的病原体感染情况。结果宁夏六盘山地区共捕获啮齿动物3科5属7种88只,平均鼠密度为11.00%;其中大林姬鼠32只(36.36%),灰仓鼠23只(26.14%),大仓鼠19只(21.59%),黑线姬鼠10只(11.36%),北社鼠2只(2.27%),林跳鼠1只(1.14%),小家鼠1只(1.14%)。啮齿动物体内巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、埃立克体的感染率分别为46.59%、5.68%和9.09%,且存在上述2种或3种病原体的混合感染,混合感染率为10.23%,以大仓鼠的混合感染率为最高(26.32%);未检测到新布尼亚病毒、莫氏立克次体和汉坦病毒。结论六盘山地区啮齿动物种类丰富,存在巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、埃立克体的自然感染,且存在上述病原体的混合感染,当地应加强灭鼠和监测工作。

Objective To examine the density,type and pathogen carrying of rodents in Liupan Mountain area,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for providing references to local prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods The survey was conducted at Old Longtan scenic site and two towns in Liupan Mountain area during September 2020.Rodents were trapped at night with mousetraps placed near bushes,in farmlands and indoors.Heart,spleen and lung tissues of the trapped rodents were sampled for detections of hantavirus,Bartonella,Borrelia burgdorferi,Ehrlichia,severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)and Rickettsii mooseri with reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Fisher exact test was adopted in data analysis.Results Totally 88 rodents of 3families,5 genera,and 7 species were caught,indicating a rodent density of 11.00%.Among the rodents trapped,the proportion of Apodemus peninsulae was the highest(36.36%,n=32),followed by Cricetulus migratorius(26.14%,n=23),Tscherskia tritonde Winton(21.59%,n=19),Apodemus agrarius(11.36%,n=10),Niviventer confucianus(2.27%,n=2),Eozapus setchuanus Pousargues(1.14%,n=1)and Mus musculus(1.14%,n=1).The detection rate of Bartonella,Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia were 46.59%,5.68%and 9.09%,respectively.The coinfection of detected pathogens was found,with a coinfection rate of 10.23%for all the rodents and the highest coinfection rate of 26.32%in Tscherskia tritonde Winton.No SFTSV,Rickettsii mooseri and hantavirus were detected.Conclusion In Liupan Mountain area,there are abundant species of rodents and natural infection of Bartonella,Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia and coinfection of the pathogens are prevalent in the rodents,suggesting deratization and surveillance on rodent-borne diseases needs to be promoted in the region.