大数据使用情境下个人信息的侵权救济

Legal Remedies for Personal Information Torts in the Context of Big Data Use

在数字经济时代,个人信息的收集、处理和传输加速,在大数据使用情境下用户面临的信息泄露风险日益增多,虽然《民法典》和《个人信息保护法》对个人信息侵权救济作出了规定,但存在个人信息法律属性不明、归责原则适用一刀切、损害认定标准过于刻板等问题。就此,应在平衡信息保护与数据流通之间关系的基础上,明确个人信息作为利益聚合体的人格与价值流通双重法益属性;建立以过错推定责任为主、无过错责任为补充的二元归责体系;采用更具弹性、动态性的损害认定方式,适度地认可不同样态的损害。

In the era of digital economy,the collection,processing and transmission of personal information are becoming more and more rapid,and users are facing an increasing risk of information leakage in the context of big data use. Although the Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law provide remedies for personal information torts,such as unclear legal attributes of personal information,uniform application of liability principles,and over rigid damage identification standards. In this regard,we should,on the basis of balancing the relationship between information protection and data circulation,clarify the dual legal interest attributes of personality and value circulation of personal information as an interest aggregation;we should establish a binary system of tort liability,which is mainly based on presumption of fault liability and supplemented by no-fault liability;we should use more flexible standards to identify damage,and appropriately recognize different types of damage.