不同栽培基质对6种侧耳属食用菌风味成分的影响

Effect of Different Culture Substrates on Flavor Compounds in Fruiting Body of Six Pleurotus Edible Mushrooms

为探究不同栽培基质对侧耳属食用菌风味成分的影响以及不同品种食用菌间的风味成分差异,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对桑枝、杂木屑和棉籽壳基质上栽培的6种侧耳属食用菌风味成分进行了分析。结果表明,18个样品中共检出47种挥发性化合物,包括13种醛类化合物、9种醇类化合物、9种酮类化合物、2种呋喃类化合物、2种酯类化合物等。18个样品中的共有成分有17种,包括正己醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛酮、1-辛烯-3-酮、2-正戊基呋喃等。18个样品中挥发性化合物的种类和相对含量差异较大,但棉籽壳基质上栽培的6个菌株子实体中均出现了较高含量的酯类化合物。所有样品中的关键风味成分(ROAV≥1)均包括1-辛烯-3-酮和1-辛烯-3-醇,桑枝基质和杂木屑基质栽培的部分菌株中关键风味成分还包括正己醛、壬醛和2-壬烯醛等。18个样品中总5′-核苷酸含量和总游离氨基酸含量分别为7.86~43.86 mg·g^(-1)DW和8.54~25.34 mg·g^(-1)DW,且杂木屑基质栽培的所有菌株中总游离氨基酸含量均高于桑枝基质和棉籽壳基质。综上所述,棉籽壳基质有利于侧耳属食用菌中酯类化合物的生成,而杂木屑基质有利于游离氨基酸的生成。本研究结果为侧耳属食用菌栽培及风味成分的开发利用提供了科学依据。

To explore the effects of different culture substrates and strains on the flavor components of Pleurotus edible mushrooms,the flavor components of 6 Pleurotus strains cultivated on the substrate of mulberry branches,miscellaneous wood chips and cotton seed husks were analyzed using HS-SPME-GC-MS method.The results showed that a total of 47 volatile compounds were detected in 18 samples,including 13 aldehyde compounds,9 alcohol compounds,9 ketone compounds,2 furan compounds,2 ester compounds,etc.17 common ingredients including hexanal,nonanal,1-octene-3-ol,3-octanone,1-octene-3-one,2-pentylfuran were found in 18 samples.The composition and relative contents of volatile compounds in 18 samples were different,but samples cultivated on the cottonseed hull substrate showed a higher level of esters.All samples had the key flavor components(ROAV≥1)of 1-octene-3-one and 1-octene-3-ol.Moreover,some strains cultivated on the substrate of mulberry branch and miscellaneous wood chips also had the key flavor components of hexanal,nonanal,2-nonenal,etc.The total 5′-nucleotide content and total free amino acid content of 18 samples were 7.86~43.86 mg·g^(-1)DW and 8.54~25.34 mg·g^(-1)DW,respectively.The total free amino acid content of all strains cultivated on the miscellaneous wood chips was higher than that of mulberry branch substrate and cotton seed hull substrate.The experimental results show that the cottonseed hull substrate is beneficial for the production of ester compounds while the miscellaneous wood chips substrate is beneficial for the production of free amino acids in Pleurotus edible mushrooms,which provides a scientific basis for the cultivation of Pleurotus edible mushroom as well as the development and utilization of flavor components.