基于形态性状和指标成分的远志遗传多样性分析及综合评价

Genetic Diversity and Comprehensive Evaluation of Polygala tenuifolia Based on Morphological Traits and Indicative Components

为了揭示远志种质资源遗传多样性地理分布的特点和种质资源群体间的遗传关系,并筛选出相对合理的评价指标,本研究利用形态性状数据以及3个主要指标成分(远志皂苷、远志酮Ⅲ和3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖)含量,对省内11个不同来源的26份和省外7个不同来源的16份三年生远志进行遗传多样性分析。研究发现远志在形态性状以及指标成分含量上具有明显差异,变异系数和遗传多样性指数分别在13%~49%、19%~30%和0.7~1.7、0.9~1.4之间;远志酮Ⅲ含量与花色深度呈极显著正相关性,与株高呈显著正相关性,与木芯粗呈极显著负相关性;3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖含量与细叶远志皂苷含量呈显著正相关性,与株高呈极显著负相关性;细叶远志皂苷含量与茎分支数呈显著负相关性。主成分分析将15个指标简化为4个因子,累计贡献率达67.764%;形态性状和指标成分含量的聚类分析结果均将远志分为三大类群,但各类群成员并不一致,利用综合评价F值筛选出8份优良种质;各种质的综合得分范围为-1.15~1.23;利用逐步回归分析筛选到远志种质评价的7个关键性指标,分别为茎分支、叶色、花色、根重、木芯重、远志酮Ⅲ含量和3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖含量。综上所述,参试远志种质资源主要形态性状和指标成分的遗传多样性较为丰富,变异幅度较大。本研究从42份种质资源中筛选出8份综合表现良好的优异单株,可用于进一步开发和利用,为远志种质创新利用、品种改良提供了理论依据。

The genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation were used to analyze the geographical distribution characteristics and the genetic relationship between populations ofPolygala tenufolia germplasm resources.The study was carried out with 42 samples from 18 different sources by analyzing the morphological data and the contents of three main indicative components including Polygala saponin,PolygalaxanthoneⅢand 3,6′-di-spinacyl sucrose.The results showed that Polygala tenuifoliahad significant differences in morphological traits and the content of indicative components,with the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity index of 13%~49%,19%~30%and 0.7~1.7,0.9~1.4 respectively.The content of PolygalaxanthoneⅢshowed significantly positive correlations with flower color and plant height,and significantly negative correlation with wood core diameter.The content of 3,6′-di-spinacyl sucrose showed a significantly positive correlation with Polygala saponin and a significantly negative correlation with the plant height.The content of Polygala saponin was significantly negatively correlated with the stem branch.With principal component analysis,15 indicators were simplified into 4 factors with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.764%.Based on the results of cluster analysis with morphological traits and the content of indicative components,Polygala tenuifoliacan be classified into three groups,but the members of each group were not consistent.In this study,8 elite germplasms were screened by comprehensive evaluationFvalue.The comprehensive score of all materials ranged from-1.15 to 1.23.7 key indicators were screened out by stepwise regression analysis,which are stem branch,leaf color,flower color,root weight,wood core weight,the content of PolygalaxanthoneⅢand the content of 3,6′-dispiroyl sucrose.The results showed that the genetic diversity of the testedPolygala tenuifoliain morphological characters and indicative components were relatively high,and the variation range was large.8 excellent individual plants with good comprehensive performance were screened,which can be further developed and provide theoretical basis for comprehensive utilization and improvement ofPolygala tenufolia germplasm.