学术权力的存在、滥用及其治理

The Existence,Abuse and Governance of Academic Power

学术权力是学术界内部运行的重要机制,但其滥用又会阻碍学术界的正常运行。学术权力依托于同行评审制度,主要表现为同行专家基于特定程序对特定学术成果的质量做出评价的权力,主要存在于论文评审、科学基金与奖励的评审、职业进阶评审等领域。同时,由于研究质量关系到学者的学术地位和能够获得的学术资源,学术权力也就具有分配性权力的特征,并易于受到滥用。当前,学术权力的滥用主要表现为学术权力的不胜任性使用、学术权力的自利性使用和学术权力垄断化。在治理策略上,对于学术权力的不胜任性使用与自利性使用,需要通过限制学术权力的权限范围和开展对权力滥用的有效惩戒来降低其影响;对于学术权力的垄断化,需要通过在横纵两个维度分散学术权力来予以矫正。。

Academic power is an important mechanism for the internal operation of academia,but its abuse will hinder the normal operation of academia.Academic power relies on the peer review system,which is mainly manifested in the power of peer experts to evaluate the quality of specific academic achievements based on specific procedures.At the same time,because the quality of research is related to the academic status of scholars and the academic resources they can obtain,academic power has the characteristics of distributive power and is easy to be abused.At present,the abuse of academic power is mainly manifested as incompetent use,self-interested use and monopolization.In order to manage these abuses,system designers need to consider limiting the scope of academic power,decentralizing academic power,and carrying out effective punishments for abuse of power.