中国高等教育的代际传递及其内在机制:“学二代”现象存在吗?

The Intergenerational Transmission of Higher Education and its Internal Mechanism:Does the“Well-Educated Second Generation”Phenomenon Exist in China?

基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据考察我国高等教育代际传递的程度及内在机制,结果表明,我国高等教育代际传递程度较高,具有高等教育背景的父代可以显著提高其子代接受高等教育的机会,即我国存在“学二代”现象。此外,接受过高等教育的父代通过提高其财富资本和社会资本以及增加子代健康资本,进而提高子代接受高等教育的机会。异质性分析表明,高等教育代际传递程度在我国的农村地区、受高校扩招影响的群体以及接受正规高等教育的群体中更高。进一步分析发现,我国还存在高等教育质量的代际传递现象。研究结论为通过公共教育政策设计来降低我国高等教育代际传递程度、缓解高等教育不平等和缩小社会收入差距提供了经验证据。

Based on the data from the China General Social Survey,this paper examines the degree and internal mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of higher education in China.The results show that the degree of intergenerational transmission of higher education in China is relatively high,and parents who receive higher education can significantly increase the chance of their offspring receiving higher education,that is,there is a phenomenon of“Well-Educated Second Generation”in China.In addition,the parents with higher education improves the chances of their children’s access to higher education by increasing their wealth and social capital,as well as increase their health capital.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the degree of intergenerational transmission of higher education is higher in rural areas,groups affected by college enrollment expansion,and groups receiving formal higher education.Furthermore,the analysis found that there is a phenomenon of intergenerational transmission of higher education quality in China.The research conclusions provide empirical evidence for reducing the degree of intergenerational transmission of higher education,alleviating higher education inequality,and narrowing the social income gap through public education policy design.