超表面VR/AR显示技术研究进展

Research Progress of Metasurface-Based VR/AR Display Technology

虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实(AR)是继计算机、智能手机和互联网之后出现的下一代革新技术,正在改变我们感知和沟通世界的方式。近年来,VR/AR头戴显示器蓬勃发展,对高分辨、高亮度的微型显示设备和小体积、轻质量的近眼显示光学系统的需求也越来越迫切。超表面作为一种在二维平面上排布亚波长纳米结构的新型超薄光学元器件,具有超越传统光学器件的强大电磁波调控能力,正在推进VR和AR设备向着小型化、轻量化方向发展。首先简要介绍VR/AR显示技术的基本原理并回顾发展历程;重点分析超表面和超透镜在VR/AR近眼显示光学系统中的设计原理、性能特点及应用方法,以及超表面在微型显示设备中的作用和应用效果;随后介绍超表面微纳加工技术和大面积批量制备方法;最后对超表面VR/AR显示技术进行总结,并对其发展前景进行展望。

As the next-generation innovative technologies emerging after computers,smartphones,and the Internet,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)are changing the way we perceive and communicate with the world.VR/AR head-mounted displays have flourished in the recent years,creating an increasingly urgent need for high-resolution andbrightness miniature displays and small-volume and lightweight near-eye display opto-systems.As new ultra-thin optical components with subwavelength nanostructures lined up on a two-dimensional plane,metasurfaces with powerful electromagnetic wave modulation capabilities beyond traditional optical devices are accelerating the development of VR and AR devices toward miniaturization and light weightedness.We first briefly introduce herein the basic principle of the VR/AR display technology and review its development history.We focus on the design principles,performance characteristics,and application methods of metasurfaces and metalenses in optical systems for VR/AR near-eye displays.We then introduce the role and the application effects of metasurfaces in micro-display devices.In addition,we present the micro-and nano-fabrication technologies related to metasurfaces and the large-area mass fabrication method.Finally,we provide a summary of the metasurface-based VR/AR display technology and an outlook on its development prospects.