基于分布式光纤感测的岩土体变形监测研究综述

Research Review of Rock and Soil Deformation Monitoring Based on Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing

随着我国各类复杂重点工程建设的深入推进,工程安全问题引起了越来越多的关注,然而对岩土体进行变形监测是保障工程安全的重要手段之一。与传统的电磁法、声发射、经纬仪、水准仪、位移计、应变计等岩土体变形监测技术相比,分布式光纤感测技术具有实时性、高精度、全分布、长距离和抗干扰等优势,已成为当前岩土体变形监测研究及应用领域的关注焦点。本文总结了光纤感测技术在岩土体变形监测中的应用现状,介绍了几种典型的分布式光纤感测技术原理及适用场景,探讨了光纤感测技术在岩土体变形监测应用中的关键问题,分析了光纤感测技术在边坡、水利、隧道、管道、铁路等工程及地面沉降与塌陷方面监测中的应用成果与挑战。最后,展望了光纤感测技术在岩土体变形监测中亟需攻破的难题与对策。

With the indepth promotion of various complex key projects in China,engineering safety has attracted more and more attention.However,deformation monitoring of rock and soil mass is one of the essential means to ensure engineering safety.Compared with traditional rock and soil deformation monitoring technologies such as electromagnetic method,acoustic emission,theodolite,level gauge,displacement gauge,and strain gauge,distributed fiber optic sensing technology has the advantages of realtime,high precision,full distribution,longdistance,and antiinterference.It has become the focus of the research and application field of rock and soil deformation monitoring.This paper summarizes the application status of fiber optic sensing technology in rock and soil deformation monitoring,the principles and application scenes of several typical distributed fiber optic sensing technologies are introduced,the critical problems of fiber optic sensing technology in rock and soil deformation monitoring are discussed,and the application achievements and challenges of fiber optic sensing technology in slope,water conservancy,tunnel,pipeline,railway,land subsidence,and collapse monitoring are analyzed.Finally,the problems and solutions of fiber optic sensing technology in rock and soil deformation monitoring have been prospected.