激光结构化超疏水表面的应用与研究现状

Application and Research Status of Laser Structured Superhydrophobic Surfaces

从超疏水理论出发,基于三种典型的基本润湿性模型揭示了材料表面粗糙度与固液接触面积对于制备超疏水表面的重要性。在此基础上,综述了直接激光写入(DLW)、直接激光干涉图案化(DLIP)以及激光诱导周期性表面结构(LIPSS)方法各自的优缺点。其中:DLW方法利用高能激光束对材料表面进行烧蚀,具备较高的自由度,能在各种材料表面构建任意三维结构,但其表面加工精度较差,难以建立多层次结构;DLIP方法利用多个相干激光形成的干涉图案对材料表面进行有选择的去除,能形成更精细的周期性三维微纳米分级结构;LIPSS方法可在材料表面获得大量空间周期在数百纳米的波纹结构,但加工时间较长。最后,从制备参数、表面结构形貌以及疏水性能等方面对不同的超疏水表面制造方法进行了归纳,并对其研究现状及发展方向进行了分析和探讨。

Starting from the superhydrophobic theory,the importance of material surface roughness and solidliquid contact area for the preparation of superhydrophobic surface based on three typical basic wettability models is revealed in this paper.On this basis,the advantages and disadvantages of direct laser writing(DLW),direct laser interference patterning(DLIP)and laser induced periodic surface structure(LIPSS)methods are reviewed.Among them,highenergydensity laser pulses are used to ablate the surface of materials in DLW method and it can construct any threedimensional structure on the surface of various materials because of its high degree of freedom,but its surface processing accuracy is poor,and it is difficult to build multilevel structure.DLIP method removes the surface material selectively with the interference patterns formed by multiple coherent lasers such that a finer periodic,threedimensional,and micronano hierarchical structures can be directly defined on substrates.LIPSS method can obtain a large number of ripple structures with spatial period of hundreds of nanometers on the surface of materials,but the corresponding processing time will be longer.Finally,different fabrication methods of superhydrophobic surface are summarized from the aspects of preparation parameters,surface structures and morphologies,and hydrophobic properties.In addition,the research status and development direction of these methods are analyzed and discussed.