体量·顺序·媒介·叙事:赋体铺陈的四维特征

Volume·Sequence·Media·Narrative:Four-Dimensional Characteristics of Fu Style Literature

“赋”字兼有“赋税赋贡”“敷布铺陈”“赋诵赋体”三类义项。“铺陈”也有“铺排陈列”“铺叙陈述”“铺张敷陈”三类义项,内含时、空两个维度,兼具描写与叙述两种手法。赋体多源多变,但赋体文学最本质的特征还是铺陈。铺陈以一定的体量为先决条件,铺陈的体量体现在物类的多寡、时空的大小、心性的高低、篇幅的长短。铺陈体量的单元可按大小分为句、段、章、篇。铺陈讲求顺序,或按自然节令、运动过程、礼仪程式、虚设问对等时间顺序,或按经纬纵横的空间顺序,或按以类相从的逻辑顺序。铺陈以连类整饬的使字、虚设夸饰的拟词、骈散结合的构句、使事铺陈的用典为媒介。赋体铺陈用于体物写志,可综合使用描写、叙事、抒情、论议等多种手法。

The word“fu”has three types of meanings:“tax and tribute”,“cloth spread”and“fusong futi”.“Arrangement”also has three types of meanings:“arrangement and display”,“arrangement and presentation”,and“extravagance and display”,which contains two dimensions of time and space,and has two methods of description and narrative.The most essential feature of Fu style literature is presentation.A certain volume is a prerequisite for presentation.The volume of presentation is reflected in the number of objects,the size of time and space,the level of mind and the length of page.The units of presentation volume can be divided into sentences,paragraphs,chapters,and pieces according to their size.Presentation has some orders as time order according to the natural seasons,sports process,etiquette procedures,imaginary equivalence;spatial order according to the latitude and longitude;logical order according to analogy.The medium of presentation is neat words,ostentatious words,parallel sentences and narrative allusions.Fu style narration is used to describe objects and record,which can be used in a comprehensive way,such as description,narrative,lyric,discussion,and so on.