减氮配施牡蛎壳粉对优质晚籼稻抗倒性能的影响

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Combined With Oyster Shell Powder on Lodging Resistance of Quality Late Indica Rice

多数优质晚籼稻品种抗倒伏能力较弱,倒伏问题已成为发展优质晚籼稻生产的关键限制因素。为探究减氮配施牡蛎壳粉调理剂对晚籼稻植株抗倒性能的影响,本试验以泰优871为材料,设置常规施肥(T1,180 kg N·hm^(-2))、减氮施肥(T2,135 kg N·hm^(-2))和减氮配施牡蛎壳粉调理剂(T3,T2基础上增施3 t·hm^(-2)牡蛎壳粉调理剂)3个处理,分别测定茎秆的形态指标、生物力学指标、基部第2节间碳水化合物、茎秆钙积累量及碳代谢相关酶活性、干物质积累、产量及其构成要素。结果表明,与T1处理相比,T2处理单株鲜重、株高、重心高、基部第2节间长度、折断部位至穗顶长、倒伏指数、纤维素酶活性以及有效穗数显著降低,蔗糖合成酶活性显著提高。与T2处理相比,T3处理倒伏指数、重心高、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均显著降低,纤维素含量、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性、有效穗数及产量显著提高,且T3处理齐穗期干物质、茎鞘物质输出率,齐穗期及成熟期茎秆钙积累量均显著高于T1、T2处理。综上,减氮后配施牡蛎壳粉调理剂不仅能够增加籼稻的产量,还显著提高了籼稻的抗倒伏能力。本研究为实现水稻的高产、稳产、抗倒伏提供了理论依据。

Most of late indica rice varieties with high quality were weak in lodging resistance,and lodging had become a key limiting factor for the development of high quality late indica rice production.To investigate effects of nitrogen reduction combined with shell powder conditioner on lodging resistance in indica rice,this study took Taiyou 871 as the material and three treatments were set as conventional fertilization(T1,180 kg N·hm^(-2)),nitrogen fertilizer reduction(T2,135 kg N·hm^(-2))and nitrogen reduction combined with shell powder conditioner(T3,T2 with 3 t·hm^(-2)oyster shell powder conditioner).Morphological indices,biomechanical indices,carbohydrate content in the basal second internode,calcium accumulation in stem and activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism,dry matter accumulation,yield and yield components of stem were measured.The results showed that compared with T1 treatment,T2 treatment significantly decreased fresh weight per plant,plant height,center of gravity height,the length of the second internode at the base,the length from the broken site to the top of panicle and lodging index,cellulase activity and effective panicle number.While the activity of sucrose synthase was significantly increased.Compared with T2 treatment,T3 treatment significantly decreased lodging index,the center of gravity height and phenylalnine ammonia-lyase activity.The cellulose content,cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase activity,effective panicle number and yield significantly increased.The dry matter at full heading stage,calcium accumulation in stem at full heading stage and maturity stage,stem and sheath matter output rates of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 and T2.In conclusion,nitrogen reduction combined with shell powder conditioner could not only increase the yield of Indica rice,but also significantly improve the lodging resistance of indica rice.It is of great significance to achieve high yield,stable yield and lodging resistance of rice.