维持性血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘维护的研究进展

Research Progress on maintenance of autologous arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients

维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHd)是终末期肾脏病包括尿毒症、肾衰竭等疾病常采用的治疗方式,有利于维持患者生命.但在为患者进行透析过程中,每次行透析均需要建立动静脉通道,需要较大的穿刺量,可增加患者的痛苦,同时反复穿刺容易造成感染.而建立自体动静脉瘘既能够满足透析的要求又能避免反复穿刺,同时降低由穿刺带来的感染风险.但自体动静脉内瘘在使用期间常出现一系列并发症,如局部瘘感染、血栓形成等.因此如何进行动静脉瘘的有效维护,延长其使用时间对患者与临床医师、护理人员而言均非常重要.基于此,此文对近年来相关的文献进行了复习,旨在提高自体动静脉内瘘使用时间和效率,从而提高MHd治疗的效果,改善患者预后.

Maintenance hemodialysis is one of the treatment methods often used in patients with end-stage renal disease,maintaining survival.However,in the process of dialysis,a large amount of puncture is required,which can increase the pain of patients.In order to ensure easier puncture and reduce the pain of patients,one of the key factors is to establish autologous arteriovenous fistula.But side effects of infection often occur during the use of autologous arteriovenous fistula,which reduces the quality of life of patients.Therefore,how to maintain is very important for patients,clinicians and nurses.Based on this,this paper reviews the research progress on the maintenance of autologous arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients from the perspective of puncture and prevention of complications.The purpose is to improve the use time and efficiency of systemic arteriovenous fistula,so as to improve the effect of continuous hemodialysis and improvethe prognosis of patients.