中国汉族儿童和青少年人群不健康生活方式流行现状研究

Prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle among children and adolescents of Han nationality in China

目的分析中国汉族儿童和青少年不健康生活方式的流行特征和分布特点,为制订改善儿童青少年生活方式、提升儿童青少年福祉的策略和措施提供依据。方法收集2019年“全国学生体质与健康调研”数据资料中6~22岁汉族学生数据,以百分比分性别、城乡、年龄段描述不健康生活方式(身体活动不足、户外活动不足,久坐行为,屏幕使用时间过长,睡眠不足,不健康饮食行为)的分布和流行特征,采用分省形式展现各地区不健康生活方式的流行分布特征,采用多水平logistic回归分析不健康生活方式的影响因素。结果中高强度身体活动低于1 h/d和30 min/d的报告率分别为82.06%和54.69%;户外活动时间不足2 h/d和3 h/d的报告率分别为95.20%和83.26%;每日静坐时间超过2 h和3 h的报告率分别为50.64%和31.92%;屏幕使用时间超过2 h/d和3 h/d的报告率分别为42.02%和27.79%。睡眠不足、含糖饮料消费≥1次/d,鸡蛋、牛奶、早餐摄入<7 d/周的报告率分别为66.49%、20.97%、83.36%、70.71%和34.34%。睡眠严重不足、含糖饮料消费≥3次/d,鸡蛋、牛奶、早餐摄入≤2 d/周的报告率分别为27.77%、8.21%、47.21%、32.36%和9.73%。结论中国汉族6~22岁儿童和青少年不健康生活方式较为普遍。应进一步制定促进儿童青少年健康行为的健康教育政策措施,多部门联合推动儿童青少年健康环境建设,并针对各地区流行特点制订改善措施,改善儿童青少年生活方式,提升其健康水平。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and geographical distribution of unhealthy lifestyle among children and adolescents of Han nationality in China and obtain evidence for proposing the related strategies to improve the well-being of this population.Methods Students aged 6-22 years old were selected from the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2019.The prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles(physical inactivity,lack of outdoor activity,sedentary behavior,excessive screen time,sleep insufficiency,unhealthy eating behavior)between sex,residence,and age groups was calculated and compared.Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of unhealthy lifestyle.Results The prevalence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity less than 1 h/d or 30 min/d were 82.06%and 54.69%,respectively.The prevalence of less than 2 h/d or 3 h/d of outdoor activities were 95.20%and 83.26%,respectively.The prevalence of more than 2 h/d or 3 h/d of sitting time were 50.64%and 31.92%,respectively.The prevalence of more than 2 h/d or 3 h/d of screen time were 42.02%and 27.79%,respectively.The prevalence of sleep insufficiency,excessive sugary beverages consumption(≥1 time/d),and insufficient consumption of eggs,milk,and breakfast(<7 d/week)were 66.49%,20.97%,83.36%,70.71%,and 34.34%,respectively.The prevalence of severe sleep insufficiency,excessive sugary beverages consumption(≥3 times/d),and insufficient consumption of eggs,milk,and breakfast(≤2 d/week)were 27.77%,8.21%,47.21%,32.36%and 9.73%,respectively.Conclusion In 2019,unhealthy lifestyle is common among Han students aged 6-22 years in China.It is of importance to propose policies to strengthen the health education and initiatives to support healthy behaviors in Han children and adolescents.Jointly promotion on the creation of a healthy environment for Han children and adolescents,and formulation of targeted improvement measures in accordance with the epidemic characteristics in various regions are essential to improve the healthy lifestyle of this population.