人工智能对就业的影响机制与提升策略

The impact mechanism of artificial intelligence on employment and suggestions for improvement

伴随着新一轮技术变革,人工智能对就业市场产生了深刻影响。在数字经济背景下,如何应对人工智能对劳动力市场的结构性影响,以实现国家“十四五”规划中的就业优先战略具有重要的现实意义。本文在厘清人工智能对就业数量、就业结构和就业质量总体影响的基础上,结合人工智能的三个发展阶段和四项技术特征,重点阐释了人工智能对就业的影响机制。研究发现:人工智能显著提高了服务业的就业水平,而对当地制造业就业则产生了抑制性作用。随着人工智能在制造业领域的深化应用,智能制造将会创造出更多的人机协同工作岗位,人工智能对就业的创造效应将占据优势。为更好地实施就业优先战略,要积极应对人工智能对就业的影响,对受影响的就业群体分类施策,并强化员工的人工智能技能培训。

Along with the new round of technological changes,artificial intelligence has a profound impact on the job market.In the context of digital economy,it is important to address the structural impact of AI on the labor market in order to realize the employment priority strategy in the national 14th Five-Year Plan.On the basis of clarifying the overall impact of AI on employment quantity,employment structure and employment quality,this paper focuses on the impact mechanism of AI on employment,taking into account the three development stages and four technical characteristics of AI.It is found that AI significantly increases employment in the service sector,while it has a suppressive effect on local manufacturing employment.Finally,policy recommendations are provided in terms of proactively addressing the impact of AI on employment,categorizing the affected employment groups,and enhancing AI skills training for employees,with a view to better realizing the employment-first strategy.