基于长大坡道持续制动的新型制动盘研究

Research on New Type of Brake Disc Dased on Continuous Braking on Long Ramps

随着我国中西部地区高速铁路的建设,由于长大坡道线路带来的问题日益凸显。在长大坡道行驶时如果电制动出现故障,将采用纯空气制动,长大坡道造成的持续制动会导致制动盘的热负荷急剧上升。由于散热的时效较慢从而导致制动盘温度过高,同时产生较大的温度梯度,从而导致制动盘热疲劳裂纹产生。为了解决长大坡道工况下制动盘的换热效率提升和降温问题,基于兰新线的长大坡道工况,通过设计新型的铝嵌钢结构制动盘,采用有限元分析软件对铝嵌钢结构制动盘和全钢制动盘进行仿真计算,得到温度场和热应力分布。结果表明,在长大坡道采用纯空气制动时,铝嵌钢制动盘可以在实现轻量化的同时明显降低制动盘面的温度和温度梯度,缓解长大坡道制动带来的制动盘热疲劳问题。

With the construction of high-speed railways in the central and western regions of China,the problems caused by long ramps have become increasingly prominent.If the electric brake fails when driving on a long slope,pure air braking will be adopted.The continuous braking caused by the long slope will cause the thermal load of the brake disc of the EMU to rise sharply.Due to the slow aging of heat dissipation,the temperature of the brake disc is too high,and at the same time,a larger temperature gradient is generated,which leads to the generation of thermal fatigue cracks in the brake disc.In order to solve the problem of increasing the heat transfer efficiency and cooling of the brake disc under the long ramp working condition,based on the long ramp working condition of the LanXin line,a new type of aluminum-embedded steel structure brake disc was designed and finite element analysis software was adopted.The simulation calculation of aluminum-embedded steel structure brake disc and all-steel brake disc is carried out,and the temperature field and thermal stress distribution are obtained.The results show that when pure air braking is used on long ramps,the aluminum-embedded steel brake discs can significantly reduce the temperature and temperature gradient of the brake disc surface while achieving lighter weight,and alleviate thermal fatigue problems caused by braking on long ramps.