中药材农药残留研究进展

Research Progress of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Herbal Medicines

农药残留作为影响中药材质量的关键因素之一,严重影响到用药疗效、人体健康、中医药产业的发展。笔者简要归纳了中药材农药残留状况,包括被检中药材的种类、常检农药种类、农药残留种类。梳理了中药材农药残留主要分析检测技术的优劣势,色谱法、色谱-质谱联用技术在中药材农药残留域的具体应用。重点综述了农药滥用及登记种类不全、中药材在种植和加工中存在不同程度的污染、相关农药残留限量标准有待完善等农药残留原因,并针对不同的原因给出一定的改善建议,如建设绿色种植基地从源头保障中药材质量、加强农药登记管理规范、开发适用性广的中药材农残检测方法、加强种植户的农药知识普及、完善农残限量标准。

Pesticide residues,as one of the key factors affecting the quality of Chinese herbal medicines,seriously affect the efficacy of medication,human health,and the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry.The authors briefly summarized the status of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines,including the types of Chinese herbal medicines examined,the types of pesticides frequently detected,and the types of pesticide residues.The authors also sorted out the advantages and disadvantages of the main analytical detection techniques for pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines,and the specific applications of chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry in the domain of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines.The causes of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines,such as indiscriminate use of pesticides and incomplete registration,different degrees of contamination in the cultivation and processing,and the imperfect residue limit standards of relevant pesticides,were reviewed,and certain suggestions for improvement were given for different causes,such as building green planting bases to guarantee the quality of Chinese herbal medicines from the source,enhancing pesticide registration management norms,developing pesticide residue detection methods with wide applicability,strengthening the knowledge of growers about pesticides,and improving pesticide residue limit standards.