国槐树枝不同溶剂提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌活性

Antifungal Activities of the Extracts from Branches of Sophora japonica by Different Solvents

国槐(Sophora japonica L.)是中国重要的园林植物和药用植物。本研究旨在挖掘国槐在抑制植物病原菌方面的功能。采用生长速率法测定国槐树枝中乙醇提取物和不同极性溶剂(石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇与水)萃取物对4种植物病原菌的抑制活性并运用气质联用技术分析乙酸乙酯萃取物的化学成分。结果表明,国槐树枝提取物及其萃取物均对4种植物病原菌有一定的抑制作用且差异显著。其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌效果最好,它对胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)的毒性最高,48 h的EC50为2.58 mg/mL,其次为Ectophoma multirostrata、灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)和臭镰刀菌(Fusarium foetens)。从乙酸乙酯萃取物检测出其主要化学成分是脂肪族和萜类化合物,含量最高的是五氟丙酸十八烷基酯(14.77%)。国槐树枝中起抑菌作用的活性物质主要集中于乙酸乙酯相,其次为正丁醇相、水相与石油醚相。

The Chinese scholar tree(Sophora japonica L.) is an important garden plant and medicinal plant in China. The study aims to explore the function of Sophora japonica in inhibiting plant pathogens. The inhibitory activities of branch extracts by different polar solvents(ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) against four plant pathogens were determined by using growth rate method, and the chemical components of ethyl acetate extract were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the extracts of Sophora japonica branches by different solvents had significantly different inhibitory effects against four plant pathogens. Ethyl acetate extract had the best antifungal effect, and its toxicity to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the highest, with an EC50of 2.58 mg/mL at 48 h, followed by its toxicity to Ectohoma multirostrata, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium foetens. The main chemical components of ethyl acetate extract were aliphatic and terpenoids, and the highest content was octadecyl pentafluoropropionate(14.77%). The antifungal active substances in the branches of Sophora japonica were mainly concentrated in the ethyl acetate phase, followed by n-butanol phase, water phase, and petroleum ether phase.